“…Biofilms can be found colonizing a plethora of ecological niches forming multispecies communities. Interactions among species and strains in these communities can be neutral, antagonistic or synergistic, and they can control the composition and spatial distribution of the species inside the biofilm ( Makovcova et al., 2017 ; Guéneau et al., 2022 ). In previous works, we showed that the inner surface of NEFTs used for preterm feeding are mostly colonized by some species of the genus Staphylococcus and others belonging to the Family Enterobacteriaceae while some LAB may also appear, although at a much lower frequency and abundance ( Gómez et al., 2016a ; Jara et al., 2021 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…LAB have developed numerous strategies for competing with other bacteria in natural environments. Among them, the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds with a wide antimicrobial spectrum (organic acids, biosurfactants and bacteriocins, among others) must be highlighted ( Salas-Jara et al., 2016 ; Kang et al., 2017 ; Englerová et al., 2018 ; Merino et al., 2019 ; Guéneau et al., 2022 ). Competition between LAB and pathogenic species for receptor and nutrients has also been described ( Guillier et al., 2008 ).…”
The nasogastric enteral feeding tubes (NEFTs) used to feed preterm infants are commonly colonized by bacteria with the ability to form complex biofilms in their inner surfaces. Among them, staphylococci (mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus) and some species belonging to the Family Enterobacteriaceae are of special concern since they can cause nosocomial infections in this population. NETF-associated biofilms can also include lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with the ability to compete with pathogenic species for nutrients and space. Ecological interactions among the main colonizers of these devices have not been explored yet; however, such approach could guide future strategies involving the pre-coating of the inner surfaces of NEFTs with well adapted LAB strains in order to reduce the rates of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In this context, this work implied the formation of dual-species biofilms involving one LAB strain (either Ligilactobacillus salivarius 20SNG2 or Limosilactobacillus reuteri 7SNG3) and one nosocomial strain (either Klebsiella pneumoniae 9SNG3, Serratia marcescens 10SNG3, Staphylococcus aureus 45SNG3 or Staphylococcus epidermidis 46SNG3). The six strains used in this study had been isolated from the inner surface of NEFTs. Changes in adhesion ability of the pathogens were characterized using a culturomic approach. Species interactions and structural changes of the resulting biofilms were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). No aggregation was observed in dual-species biofilms between any of the two LAB strains and either K. pneumoniae 9SNG3 or S. marcescens 10SNG3. In addition, biofilm thickness and volume were reduced, suggesting that both LAB strains can control the capacity to form biofilms of these enterobacteria. In contrast, a positive ecological relationship was observed in the combination L. reuteri 7SNG3-S. aureus 45SNG3. This relationship was accompanied by a stimulation of S. aureus matrix production when compared with its respective monospecies biofilm. The knowledge provided by this study may guide the selection of potentially probiotic strains that share the same niche with nosocomial pathogens, enabling the establishment of a healthier microbial community inside NEFTs.
“…Biofilms can be found colonizing a plethora of ecological niches forming multispecies communities. Interactions among species and strains in these communities can be neutral, antagonistic or synergistic, and they can control the composition and spatial distribution of the species inside the biofilm ( Makovcova et al., 2017 ; Guéneau et al., 2022 ). In previous works, we showed that the inner surface of NEFTs used for preterm feeding are mostly colonized by some species of the genus Staphylococcus and others belonging to the Family Enterobacteriaceae while some LAB may also appear, although at a much lower frequency and abundance ( Gómez et al., 2016a ; Jara et al., 2021 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…LAB have developed numerous strategies for competing with other bacteria in natural environments. Among them, the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds with a wide antimicrobial spectrum (organic acids, biosurfactants and bacteriocins, among others) must be highlighted ( Salas-Jara et al., 2016 ; Kang et al., 2017 ; Englerová et al., 2018 ; Merino et al., 2019 ; Guéneau et al., 2022 ). Competition between LAB and pathogenic species for receptor and nutrients has also been described ( Guillier et al., 2008 ).…”
The nasogastric enteral feeding tubes (NEFTs) used to feed preterm infants are commonly colonized by bacteria with the ability to form complex biofilms in their inner surfaces. Among them, staphylococci (mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus) and some species belonging to the Family Enterobacteriaceae are of special concern since they can cause nosocomial infections in this population. NETF-associated biofilms can also include lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with the ability to compete with pathogenic species for nutrients and space. Ecological interactions among the main colonizers of these devices have not been explored yet; however, such approach could guide future strategies involving the pre-coating of the inner surfaces of NEFTs with well adapted LAB strains in order to reduce the rates of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In this context, this work implied the formation of dual-species biofilms involving one LAB strain (either Ligilactobacillus salivarius 20SNG2 or Limosilactobacillus reuteri 7SNG3) and one nosocomial strain (either Klebsiella pneumoniae 9SNG3, Serratia marcescens 10SNG3, Staphylococcus aureus 45SNG3 or Staphylococcus epidermidis 46SNG3). The six strains used in this study had been isolated from the inner surface of NEFTs. Changes in adhesion ability of the pathogens were characterized using a culturomic approach. Species interactions and structural changes of the resulting biofilms were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). No aggregation was observed in dual-species biofilms between any of the two LAB strains and either K. pneumoniae 9SNG3 or S. marcescens 10SNG3. In addition, biofilm thickness and volume were reduced, suggesting that both LAB strains can control the capacity to form biofilms of these enterobacteria. In contrast, a positive ecological relationship was observed in the combination L. reuteri 7SNG3-S. aureus 45SNG3. This relationship was accompanied by a stimulation of S. aureus matrix production when compared with its respective monospecies biofilm. The knowledge provided by this study may guide the selection of potentially probiotic strains that share the same niche with nosocomial pathogens, enabling the establishment of a healthier microbial community inside NEFTs.
“…Animal density is high (up to 21 birds/m 2 ), and physicochemical conditions (illumination, temperature, and humidity) are optimized to favor animal growth. These conditions obviously trigger the development of microorganisms on the farm surfaces among which potential undesirable microorganisms (Guéneau et al, 2022b ). Cleaning and disinfection (C&D) procedures are applied between each production batch in order to eliminate potential pathogens and avoid cross-contamination through a reduction of the microbial load of livestock building surfaces.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…in Europe can be explained by its ability to form biofilms on surfaces (Trachoo et al, 2002 ; Newell and Fearnley, 2003 ; EFSA and ECDC, 2021 ). Similarly, the major pathogens responsible for zoonosis in Europe have been described as biofilm formers in livestock building (Guéneau et al, 2022b ). These observations support the need to study deeper biofilms in animal production systems for their control.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The concept is based on the rapid onset of beneficial bacteria that will occupy ecological niches on surfaces. These beneficial bacteria are being selected for their biofilm-forming abilities and other features linked to spatial and nutritional competition (Alvarez-Ordóñez et al, 2019 ; Guéneau et al, 2022b ). Surface bioprotection is already used by breeders, and some products composed of cocktails of beneficial bacteria are already on the market.…”
In the One Health concept, the use of beneficial bacteria to form positive biofilms that prevent the settlement of undesirable bacteria is a promising solution to limit the use of antimicrobials on farms. However, there is a lack of field studies reporting the onset of these beneficial bacteria after application and the effects on autochthonous surface microbiota. In the study reported here, the inner surfaces of commercial broiler chicken houses were treated or not with a bacterial consortium composed of Bacillus spp. and Pediococcus spp. strains, able to form covering biofilms in different laboratory models. Preinstalled coupons were sampled over time to capture microbial biofilm dynamics on-farm surfaces. The results showed that the bacterial consortium can establish on the farm surfaces, modulate microbial communities, and limit the implantation of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae, two families containing potential pathogens.
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