Apoptosis in extracorporeal preserved inguinal fat flaps of the rat

Abstract

Fat cells are fragile cells with a short life span outside the body. Ways to reduce cell death in a biochemical way are almost unknown due to scarce information on the type of cellular death that is induced in fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the apoptotic pathways of fat tissue in a permanent perfusion bioreactor system with the Hannover preservation solution and the Eurocollins solution in fat flaps of rats. In Lewis rats, the inguinal adipofascial flaps were elevated bilaterally and placed in a bioreactor at 37°C. To detect caspases 3, 8, 9 and 12, immunofluorescence stains of fat tissue specimen were analysed at several time points after preservation of flaps were placed in Hannover solution and Eurocollins solution for 10 days. An additional visual assessment of viability by a calcein based life/dead test was performed. It revealed a superior viability of the adipose tissue preserved in Hannover solution. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that apoptotic pathways via mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum and death receptors were activated, as Caspases 8, 9 and 12 were detected. Caspase 3 as an effector in the common apoptotic pathway was detected as well. Adipose tissue preserved at 37°C ex vivo in a bioreactor system undergoes apoptosis. Immunofluorescence examination of the fat tissue preserved ex vivo revealed that apoptotic pathways via mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum and death receptors are being activated. Significantly less activation of Caspase 3, 8, 9 and 12 in flaps preserved in Hannover solution in comparison to Eurocollins was found, supporting the anti apoptotic characteristics of Hannover solution. Based on these findings, further research to modify the apoptotic pathways to ameliorate viability of fat tissue can be performed.

The Effect of Minocycline on Fat Graft Survival and Apoptotic Pathway

“…27,28 Cleaved caspase 3-cleaved caspases 8, 9, and 12 were detected in adipose tissue as an effector of the common apoptotic pathway, and Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were found in the adipose tissue. 29,30 Also, it is well known that minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, suppresses apoptosis via controlling glutamate-induced apoptosis, upregulates Bcl-2, and protects against cell death in mitochondria and inhibits caspase-1 and caspase-3 expression or interleukin 1-converting enzyme inhibition. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In light of these data, we applied systemic minocycline 2 hours before fat graft application.…”

Ischaemia‐related cell damage in extracorporeal preserved tissue – new findings with a novel perfusion model

“…At this time, the standard procedure in reconstructive surgery for flap preservation is cold storage, often in addition with a singular flush of the tissue with a saline solution. In the past, numerous studies have been set‐up to learn more about causes of ischaemia‐related tissue damage and optimizing conservation protocols . Even though most of these studies revealed encouraging results, at present none of them essentially changed the standard procedure in daily clinical routine.…”

Kryolipolyse – wissenschaftlicher Hintergrund eines aktuellen Hypes in der ästhetischen Medizin

“…In eigenen Arbeiten konnte ge zeigt werden, dass in Fettgewebe Apop tose über verschiedene Apoptosewege stattfinden kann [9]. Apoptosewege über Mitochondrien, das Endoplasmatische Retikulum und death receptor vermittelt, die mit einer Aktivierung der Caspasen 3,8,9 und 12 einhergehen, wurden darge stellt [10]. In histologischen Arbeiten zur Kälteanwendung auf Fettgewebe konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine inflammatori sche Antwort auf die Kälteexposition ab läuft, mit einem Höhepunkt am 30.…”