Apolipoprotein E polymorphism distribution in an elderly Brazilian population: the Bambuí Health and Aging Study

Abstract

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is one of the most extensively studied genes in the context of aging, but there are few population-based studies on ApoE polymorphism in the elderly in developing countries. The objective of the present study was to assess ApoE allele and genotype distribution in a large elderly community-based sample and its association with age, sex and skin color. Participants included 1408 subjects (80.8% of all residents aged ≥60 years) residing in Bambuí city, MG, Brazil. The DNA samples were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction amplification, followed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique, with digestion by HhaI. Analysis was carried out taking into consideration the six ApoE genotypes (ε3/ ε3, ε3/ε4, ε2/ε3, ε4/ε4, ε2/ε4, and ε2/ε2), the three ApoE alleles, and the number of ApoE4 alleles for each individual. The ε3 allele predominated (80.0%), followed by ε4 (13.5%) and ε2 (6.5%). All six possible genotypes were observed, the ε3/ε3 genotype being the most frequent (63.4%). This distribution was similar to that described in other western populations. Sex was not associated with number of ApoE4 alleles. Black skin color was significantly and independently associated with the presence of two ApoE4 alleles (age-sex adjusted OR = 7.38; 95%CI = 1. 93-28.25), showing that the African-Brazilian elderly have a high prevalence of the ε4 allele, as observed in blacks from Africa. No association between number of ApoE4 alleles and age was found, suggesting the absence of association of ApoE genotype with mortality in this population.

Difteria pelo Corynebacterium ulcerans: uma zoonose emergente no Brasil e no mundo

“…78 Data on vaccination coverage among adolescents and adults in Brazil are scarce in the literature. 15,20,22,85,102 In the city of Rio de Janeiro, only 30% of the adults are completely protected against the action of DT, 15 similar to what has been observed in other countries like Turkey. 10 These data emphasize the importance of applying reinforcement doses of diphtheric toxoid every ten years, in order to avoid decreased antibody levels in the population.…”

APOE ε4 allele is associated with worse performance in memory dimensions of the mini‐mental state examination: the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging

“…Genomic DNA for APOE genotyping was extracted from blood samples using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification System (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). DNA samples were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, followed by digestion with HhaI, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis as previously described (Fuzikawa et al ., ).…”

Frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas de apolipoproteina e (APOE) en una muestra de adultos en Bogotá

“…Es importante destacar que en este estudio el alelo Ɛ3 tiene la mayor frecuencia con 0.855, seguido por el Ɛ4 con 0.119, y después el Ɛ2 (0.026) (tabla 2), lo cual es similar a lo descrito en la mayoría de publicaciones a nivel mundial, en donde el alelo Ɛ3 se encuentra en más de 80%, el Ɛ4 presenta una frecuencia intermedia y el Ɛ2 menos del 15%. 28,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] (tabla 3). En este estudio se observó una frecuencia de 0.119 para el alelo Ɛ4, la cual es menor comparada con la reportada para otras poblaciones como la africana pigmea (0.407), aborígenes de Malasia (0.204), Australia general (0.260), aborígenes de Australia (0.368), americanos nativos (0.280) y pueblo lapón (0.310); pero similar a la reportada para la población caucásica europea (0.04-0.27) e hispánica (0.06-0.12) 9 , lo cual puede explicarse por las rutas de migración y colonización.…”

“…Nuestros resultados se correlacionan con lo reportado en otros países de Latinoamérica como Venezuela, Chile, Perú, Brasil y Ecuador (tabla 3), cuya frecuencia del genotipo protector Ɛ2/Ɛ2 es de 0 a 0.004. 28,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] Si bien nuestros resultados son similares a los reportados en otros países, es relevante tener en cuenta la variación que puede ocurrir frente a algunas poblaciones específicas como las indígenas coreguaje y nukak, los cuales muestran diferencias (p<0.05) en cuanto a la frecuencia de cada alelo. 33 Lo anterior es relevante desde el punto de vista de la salud pública debido al riesgo de desarrollo de patologías tipo EA.…”