Apolipoprotein C-III, metabolic syndrome, and risk of coronary artery disease

Abstract

Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a marker of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins, which are often increased in metabolic syndrome (MS). The T ؊ 455C polymorphism in the insulin-responsive element of the APOC3 gene influences TG and apoC-III levels. To evaluate the contribution of apoC-III levels and T ؊ 455C polymorphisms in the coronary artery disease (CAD) risk of MS patients, we studied 873 patients, 549 with CAD and 251 with normal coronary arteries. Patients were classified also as having or not having MS (MS, n ‫؍‬ 270; MS-free, n ‫؍‬ 603). Lipids, insulin, apolipoprotein levels, and APOC3 T ؊ 455C genotypes were evaluated. ApoC-III levels were significantly increased in MS patients, and the probability of having MS was correlated with increasing quartiles of apoC-III levels. MS patients with CAD had significantly higher apoC-III levels than did CAD-free MS patients. The carriership for the ؊ 455C variant multiplied the probability of CAD in MS in an allele-specific way and was associated with increased apoC-III and TG levels. Obesity was less frequent in MS carriers of the ؊ 455C allele than in MS noncarriers (21.6% vs. 34.8%, P Ͻ 0.05). In conclusion, apoC-III-rich lipoprotein metabolism and the APOC3 polymorphism have relevant impacts on the CAD risk of MS patents.

Effects of Leptin Receptor Gene 3'-untranslated Region Polymorphism on Metabolic Profiles in Young Japanese Men

“…The importance of apo C-III T-455C polymorphism has also been indicated (32,33), which reportedly affects apo C-III and TG levels and the risk of coronary artery disease (33). Unfortunately, we were not able to measure apo C-III levels in this study.…”

Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase

“…Sialic acid (58) Uric acid (Salonen) (59) Ferritin (60,61) Ghrelin (62) Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (63) Triglycerides (50) Apolipoprotein CIII (64) Small LDL particles (50) Microalbuminuria (50) Soluble CD36 (65) Soluble CD40 ligand (66) Soluble P-selectin (66) *Inflammatory cytokines reported to be increased in in the metabolic syndrome include IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and TNF alpha.…”

“…These include parameters of obesity and products released by adipose tissue, plasma insulin levels and insulin-like growth factors, liver enzymes, C-reactive protein and circulating metabolites, several components of circulating lipoproteins, microalbuminuria, and markers of increased cellular inflammation. [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] The status of these biomarkers as causative factors, either in generation of the metabolic syndrome or directly in atherogenesis, at present is uncertain. Some of them have been implicated as causes, but others as a reflection of a metabolic abnormality.…”

Association of hypertension with small, dense low-density lipoprotein in patients without metabolic syndrome

“…35,36 Polymorphism in the apolipoprotein C-III gene locus alters lipoprotein metabolism and can influence IR in essential hypertensive patients and increase the risk of CAD. 37,38 We suggest that genetic traits or individual variation in these enzymes may be associated with HTN, without affecting hypertriglyceridemia or IR, through environmental factors, such as life style differences. These genetic traits or individual enzyme variations may result in subclinical lipid changes such as change in proportion of sdLDL that may affect occurrence of CAD with other CAD risk factors in hypertensive patients without MS.…”