Apochromatic X-ray focusing

Sanli, Umut T.; Rodgers, Griffin; Zdora, Marie-Christine; Qi, Peng; Garrevoet, Jan; Falch, Ken Vidar; Müller, Bert; Dávid, Christian; Vila‐Comamala, Joan

doi:10.1038/s41377-023-01157-8

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Interestingly, chromatic aberration can also be reduced by combining transparent photoresists with dyes to create colored microlenses that perform spectral filtering, as demonstrated by Aslani et al (figure 9(b)) [106]. Remarkably, the first ever reported apochromatic x-ray focusing system that involves a diverging compound refractive lens with six vertically stacked lenses was demonstrated by Sanli et al (figure 9(c)) [107]. On the other hand, correction for off-axis aberrations (e.g.…”

Section: Imaging Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

Wang,

Pan,

et al. 2024

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities, enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena. Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from X-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily lives. Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes, while polymers offer versatility and ease of production. However, modern applications often require complex lens assemblies, driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro- and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication methods. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping, customized geometries, and efficient production, particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging devices. Various 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts, yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale resolutions. Two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL), a nanoscale 3D printing technique, enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid resin. It offers unprecedented abilities, e.g., alignment-free fabrication, micro- and nanoscale capabilities, and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D nanostructures. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices, discuss material properties relevant to TPL, fabrication techniques, and highlight the application of TPL in optical imaging. As the first panoramic review on this topic, it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics, promoting a deeper understanding of the field. By leveraging on its high-resolution capability, extensive material range, and true 3D processing, alongside advances in materials, fabrication, and design, we envisage disruptive solutions to current challenges and a promising incorporation of TPL in future optical imaging applications.

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Section: Imaging Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

Wang,

Pan,

et al. 2024

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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“…MTF detection methods vary depending on the target used, including the three-bar method [4], slanted-edge method [5], slit method [6], and Siemens Star method [7,8]. Currently, laboratory testing of camera MTF predominantly employs the three-bar and slantededge methods, as other methods face limitations due to challenges in target processing, extended testing durations, and poor repeatability, leading to less frequent application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Slanted-Edge Measurement Method for the Modulation Transfer Function of Remote Sensing Cameras

Yu,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The modulation transfer function (MTF) serves as a crucial technical index for assessing the imaging quality of remote sensing cameras, which is integral throughout their entire operational cycle. Currently, the MTF evaluation of remote sensing cameras primarily relies on the slanted-edge method. The factors influencing the slanted-edge method’s effectiveness are broadly classified into two categories: algorithmic factors and image factors. This paper innovatively comprehensively analyzes the influencing factors of the slanted-edge method and proposes an improved slanted-edge method to calculate the MTF testing method of remote sensing cameras, which is applied to the MTF testing of remote sensing cameras. Since the traditional algorithm can only be applied in the small angle situation, this paper proposes a new method of slanted-edge method test calculation based on the optimal oversampling rate (OSR) adaptive model of the slanted edge and uses simulation experiments to verify the reliability of the algorithm model through the deviation of the slanted-edge angle calculation and MTF measurement, and the results show that the algorithm improves the accuracy of the MTF measurement compared with the ISO-cos and OMINI-sine methods. Then, the effects of the slanted-edge angle, image region of interest (ROI), as well as image contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the accuracy of the MTF calculation by the slanted-edge method were quantitatively analyzed as the constraints of the slanted-edge method test. Based on the laboratory target experiment, the algorithm flow and various influencing factors obtained in the simulation stage are verified, and the experimental results are more consistent with the various test results obtained in the simulation stage. Consequently, the slanted-edge method introduced in this paper is applicable for future remote sensing camera MTF testing. This approach offers a valuable reference for on-orbit focusing, satellite operational condition monitoring, lifespan estimation, and image restoration.

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Intensity-tunable achromatic cascade liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry lens

Mo,

Zhao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Commun Phys

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In the current solution for multiwavelength achromatic flat lenses, a one-to-one correspondence exists between the number of writing phase distributions and the number of achromatic wavelengths. Breaking this correspondence requires a complex phase design and parameter optimization. Here, we show that a dual-layer cascade liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry lens (CLCPBL) with two writing phase distributions and a specific coupled phase distribution between the layers can achieve three wavelength achromaticity without any parameter optimization process. Similarly, in a three-layer cascade, the number of achromatic wavelengths increases to seven through the permutations of the layers, with adjustable amplitude factors. We fabricate a three-layer CLCPBL with the design wavelengths of 396.8 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm, which theoretically allows the light at 632.8, 532.8, 3383 and 450 nm to form a common focus, and test such structure. Our CLCPBL enables a wider range of applications than conventional achromatic flat lenses.

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Apochromatic X-ray focusing

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

Analysis of the Slanted-Edge Measurement Method for the Modulation Transfer Function of Remote Sensing Cameras

Intensity-tunable achromatic cascade liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry lens

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