Apitoxin protects rat pups brain from propionic acid-induced oxidative stress: The expression pattern of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 apoptotic genes

Khalil, Samah R.; Abd‐Elhakim, Yasmina M.; Selim, Mohammed; Al-Ayadhi, Laila

doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2015.05.011

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…El-Ansary et al [1] designed a rodent model of autism by inducing persistent biochemical autistic features by oral administration of PPA in rat pups, including oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, altered neurochemistry, and impaired energy and lipid metabolism. Recently, the same model with identical dose and mode of administration of PPA was effective in inducing several behavioral abnormalities, such as social interaction impairment, hyperactivity, and repetitive behaviors, together with histopathological changes such as neuronal loss and astrogliosis [2, 3]. This finding supports the use of PPA in animal models of autism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Comparative study on the independent and combined effects of omega-3 and vitamin B12 on phospholipids and phospholipase A2 as phospholipid hydrolyzing enzymes in PPA-treated rats as a model for autistic traits

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAbnormal phospholipid metabolism is a major component of many neurodevelopmental disorders including autism. Oral administration of propionic acid (PPA) can produce behavioral abnormalities and biochemical features in rodents similar to those observed in autism and can thus be used as a model to understand impaired brain fatty acid metabolism in autism.MethodsThe present study was designed to understand alterations in phospholipid metabolism in the brain of a rodent model of autism and to explore omega-3 and vitamin B12 as remedies. Five groups of rats were selected: Group 1 was the control. Group 2 was the rodent model of autism treated with a neurotoxic dose of PPA. Group 3 was given vitamin B12 cobalamin (16.7 mg/kg/day) for 30 days after PPA treatment. Group 4 was given pharmaceutical grade Omega-3 (200 mg cholesterol free-DHA/kg body weight/day), a product of Madre lab, Germany, for 30 days after PPA treatment for 3 days. Group 5 was given a combined dose of ω-3 + Vitamin B12 for the same duration post-PPA treatment. Phospholipid levels and Phospholipase A2 were measured in the brain homogenates of all the groups. ELISA and western blotting were used to detect the cPLA2 protein level.ResultsA significant decrease in phospholipid levels and a significant increase in cPLA2 were found in brain tissue of PPA-treated rats; however, both ω-3 and vitamin B12 were efficient in ameliorating the neurotoxic effect of PPA.ConclusionBoth ω-3 and vitamin B12 may play a role in ameliorating impaired phospholipid metabolism in autism; however, proper clinical trials are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Comparative study on the independent and combined effects of omega-3 and vitamin B12 on phospholipids and phospholipase A2 as phospholipid hydrolyzing enzymes in PPA-treated rats as a model for autistic traits

et al. 2018

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“…was toxic enough to induce a significant increase of caspase 3 as a marker of brain cell death. Moreover, it can find more support in the recent histopathological study which proved that PPA- treatment induced severe cortical neuronal density with ballooning fibrillar acidophilic cytoplasm, degenerated, atrophied, and necrotic neurons together with amygdala mitochondrial crystalysis and microtubular distortion [22]. Both neuron necrosis and mitochondrial crystalysis as histopathological changes can be related to glutamate excitotoxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Glutamate excitotoxicity induced by orally administered propionic acid, a short chain fatty acid can be ameliorated by bee pollen

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRodent models may guide investigations towards identifying either environmental neuro-toxicants or drugs with neuro-therapeutic effects. This work aims to study the therapeutic effects of bee pollen on brain glutamate excitotoxicity and the impaired glutamine-glutamate- gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) circuit induced by propionic acid (PPA), a short chain fatty acid, in rat pups.MethodsTwenty-four young male Western Albino rats 3–4 weeks of age, and 45–60 g body weight were enrolled in the present study. They were grouped into four equal groups: Group 1, the control received phosphate buffered saline at the same time of PPA adminstration; Group 2, received 750 mg/kg body weight divided into 3 equal daily doses and served as acute neurotoxic dose of PPA; Group 3, received 750 mg/kg body weight divided in 10 equal doses of 75 mg/kg body weight/day, and served as the sub-acute group; and Group 4, the therapeutic group, was treated with bee pollen (50 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days after acute PPA intoxication. GABA, glutamate and glutamine were measured in the brain homogenates of the four groups.ResultsThe results showed that PPA caused multiple signs of excitotoxicity, as measured by the elevation of glutamate and the glutamate/glutamine ratio and the decrease of GABA, glutamine and the GABA/glutamate ratio. Bee pollen was effective in counteracting the neurotoxic effects of PPA to a certain extent.ConclusionIn conclusion, bee pollen demonstrates ameliorating effects on glutamate excitotoxicity and the impaired glutamine-glutamate-GABA circuit as two etiological mechanisms in PPA-induced neurotoxicity.

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“…In this context, several products derived from bees have been used in the prevention and treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and diabetes [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The antioxidants are capable of directly enhancing the endogenous defense system [ 17 ] and modulating the enzymatic systems [ 18 , 19 ] involved in reducing reactive species, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antidiabetic activity of Apis mellifera bee tea

et al. 2018

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Diabetes has emerged as one of the largest global epidemics; it is estimated that by 2035, there will be 592 million diabetic people in the world. Brazilian biodiversity and the knowledge of traditional peoples have contributed to the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes. Apis mellifera bee tea is used by indigenous Brazilians to treat diabetes, and this traditional knowledge needs to be recorded and studied.The objective of this study was to record the use and to evaluate the antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antidiabetic activity of Apis mellifera bee tea, which is used by the Guarani and Kaiowá indigenous people for the treatment of diabetes. Semi-structured interviews were performed with Guarani and Kaiowá ethnic indigenous people from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, seeking to identify the animal species used for medicinal purposes. For the experimental procedures, tea prepared with macerated Apis mellifera bees was used. In vitro assays were performed to evaluate antioxidant activity; direct free radical scavenging, protection against oxidative hemolysis, lipid peroxidation were evaluated in human erythrocytes and potential in inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In vivo, normoglycemic Swiss male mice treated with Apis mellifera tea (AmT) were subjected to the oral glucose tolerance test and compared with control and metformin-treated groups. Diet-induced diabetic mice were treated for 21 days with AmT and evaluated for glycemia and malondialdehyde levels in the blood, liver, nervous system, and eyes. During interviews, the indigenous people described the use of Apis mellifera bee tea for the treatment of diabetes. In in vitro assays, AmT showed direct antioxidant activity and reduced oxidative hemolysis and malondialdehyde generation in human erythrocytes. The AmT inhibited the formation of AGEs by albumin-fructose pathways and methylglyoxal products. In vivo, after oral glucose overload, normoglycemic mice treated with AmT had reduced hyperglycemia at all times evaluated up to 180 min. AmT also reduced hyperglycemia and malondialdehyde levels in the blood, liver, nervous system, and eyes of diabetic mice to similar levels as those in metformin-treated mice and normoglycemic controls. In summary, Apis mellifera bee tea showed antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antidiabetic activity, which provides support for the therapeutic application of Guarani and Kaiowá indigenous knowledge.

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Apitoxin protects rat pups brain from propionic acid-induced oxidative stress: The expression pattern of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 apoptotic genes

Cited by 49 publications

References 75 publications

Comparative study on the independent and combined effects of omega-3 and vitamin B12 on phospholipids and phospholipase A2 as phospholipid hydrolyzing enzymes in PPA-treated rats as a model for autistic traits

Comparative study on the independent and combined effects of omega-3 and vitamin B12 on phospholipids and phospholipase A2 as phospholipid hydrolyzing enzymes in PPA-treated rats as a model for autistic traits

Glutamate excitotoxicity induced by orally administered propionic acid, a short chain fatty acid can be ameliorated by bee pollen

Antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antidiabetic activity of Apis mellifera bee tea

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