Apical External Root Resorption and Repair in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Biological Events

Feller, Liviu; Thomadakis, George; Fourie, Jeanine; Lemmer, J

doi:10.1155/2016/4864195

Cited by 80 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In this study, concepts extrapolated from physical measurements are in concurrence with existing thoughts ascertaining that any OTM that prompts tooth‐shift by a distance greater than its PDL‐space will elicit resorption. If clastic and blastic activities of alveolar bone and root cementum have dictated the PDL‐space as a 70 μm gap in control, then any region that narrows by more than 70 μm requires resorption of hard tissue to maintain a viable PDL‐space for tooth function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Micro‐anatomical responses in periodontal complexes of mice to calibrated orthodontic forces on the crown

Pal

Chen

Yang

et al. 2017

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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This novel approach illustrates the importance of 3D-imaging and analysing 3D alveolar socket subjected to OTM otherwise omitted by 2D micrographs. A measured force on the crown elicits a response related to narrowed and widened regions in the 3D complex. OTM that exceeds PDL-space can illicit biological responses that attempt to restore physiologic PDL-space via remodelling of the periodontium. Regenerated weaker bone due to aseptic inflammation caused by orthodontics could leave patients at a higher risk of bone loss or root resorption if they later develop periodontitis, a form of septic inflammation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Micro‐anatomical responses in periodontal complexes of mice to calibrated orthodontic forces on the crown

Pal

Chen

Yang

et al. 2017

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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show abstract

“…Concepts extrapolated from physical measurements are in concurrence with existing (99)thoughts ascertaining that any ETM that prompts tooth-shift by a distance greater than its PDL-space will elicit resorption. Conceptually, in ETM, any region that narrows by more than PDL-space requires resorption of hard tissue, in order to maintain a viable PDL-space for tooth function.…”

Section: Bone-periodontal Ligament-tooth Fibrous Jointsupporting

confidence: 64%

Periodontal ligament entheses and their adaptive role in the context of dentoalveolar joint function

Lin

Jang

Kurylo³

et al. 2017

Dental Materials

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Objectives The dynamic bone-periodontal ligament (PDL)-tooth fibrous joint consists of two adaptive functionally graded interfaces (FGI), the PDL-bone and PDL-cementum that respond to mechanical strain transmitted during mastication. In general, from a materials and mechanics perspective, FGI prevent catastrophic failure during prolonged cyclic loading. This review is a discourse of results gathered from literature to illustrate the dynamic adaptive nature of the fibrous joint in response to physiologic and pathologic simulated functions, and experimental tooth movement. Methods Historically, studies have investigated soft to hard tissue transitions through analytical techniques that provided insights into structural, biochemical, and mechanical characterization methods. Experimental approaches included two dimensional to three dimensional advanced in situ imaging and analytical techniques. These techniques allowed mapping and correlation of deformations to physicochemical and mechanobiological changes within volumes of the complex subjected to concentric and eccentric loading regimes respectively. Results Tooth movement is facilitated by mechanobiological activity at the interfaces of the fibrous joint and generates elastic discontinuities at these interfaces in response to eccentric loading. Both concentric and eccentric loads mediated cellular responses to strains, and prompted self-regulating mineral forming and resorbing zones that in turn altered the functional space of the joint. Significance A multiscale biomechanics and mechanobiology approach is important for correlating joint function to tissue-level strain-adaptive properties with overall effects on joint form as related to physiologic and pathologic functions. Elucidating the shift in localization of biomolecules specifically at interfaces during development, function, and therapeutic loading of the joint is critical for developing “functional regeneration and adaptation” strategies with an emphasis on restoring physiologic joint function.

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“…A common, but unwelcome side effect, which may occur during orthodontic tooth movement, are orthodontically induced inflammatory OIIRR. 5 , 6 We found a distinct and significant increase in both extent and number of resorption areas of the dental root in compression zones of the periodontal ligament. This was probably due to the increased osteoclast activity, which are virtually identical to the so-called “odontoclasts” responsible for dental root resorption, both in function and ultrastructure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“… 3 In some cases, osteoclast activity during orthodontic tooth movement also turns against the tooth itself, causing orthodontically induced inflammatory dental root resorptions (OIIRR), which are a rather frequent and unpredictable side effect during orthodontic treatment of varying severity and unknown etiology. 5 , 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular nicotine intake increased tooth movement velocity, osteoclastogenesis and orthodontically induced dental root resorptions in a rat model

Kirschneck¹,

Maurer²,

Wolf³

et al. 2017

Int J Oral Sci

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Orthodontic forces have been reported to significantly increase nicotine-induced periodontal bone loss. At present, however, it is unknown, which further (side) effects can be expected during orthodontic treatment at a nicotine exposure corresponding to that of an average European smoker. 63 male Fischer344 rats were randomized in three consecutive experiments of 21 animals each (A/B/C) to 3 experimental groups (7 rats, 1/2/3): (A) cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT); (B) histology/serology; (C) reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)/cotinine serology—(1) control; (2) orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) of the first and second upper left molar (NiTi closed coil spring, 0.25 N); (3) OTM with 1.89 mg·kg−1 per day s.c. of L(−)-nicotine. After 14 days of OTM, serum cotinine and IL-6 concentration as well as orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR), osteoclast activity (histology), orthodontic tooth movement velocity (CBCT, within 14 and 28 days of OTM) and relative gene expression of known inflammatory and osteoclast markers were quantified in the dental-periodontal tissue (RT–qPCR). Animals exposed to nicotine showed significantly heightened serum cotinine and IL-6 levels corresponding to those of regular European smokers. Both the extent of root resorption, osteoclast activity, orthodontic tooth movement and gene expression of inflammatory and osteoclast markers were significantly increased compared to controls with and without OTM under the influence of nicotine. We conclude that apart from increased periodontal bone loss, a progression of dental root resorption and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement are to be anticipated during orthodontic therapy, if nicotine consumption is present. Thus patients should be informed about these risks and the necessity of nicotine abstinence during treatment.

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Apical External Root Resorption and Repair in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Biological Events

Cited by 80 publications

References 65 publications

Micro‐anatomical responses in periodontal complexes of mice to calibrated orthodontic forces on the crown

Micro‐anatomical responses in periodontal complexes of mice to calibrated orthodontic forces on the crown

Periodontal ligament entheses and their adaptive role in the context of dentoalveolar joint function

Regular nicotine intake increased tooth movement velocity, osteoclastogenesis and orthodontically induced dental root resorptions in a rat model

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