Aphid Polymorphism and “Darwin's Demon”

Lees, A. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1946-150x.1975.tb01535.x

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Of particular interest is the dissimilar nature of the response curves for male and ovipara production, males appearing at longer photoperiods than oviparae. A further characteristic, also noted by Lees (1975) and Corbitt & Hardie (1985) in the present English clone and by Sharma et al (1975) and Mackay et nl. (1983) in Canadian clones, is that oviparaproducing apterae revert spontaneously to the production of virginoparae late in their reproductive lives, even if short day length conditions persist.…”

Section: Introduction Materials and Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In holocyclic clones the same parthenogenetic aptera has the potentiality for producing both sexual forms (egg-laying oviparae and males), as well as alate and apterous viviparae ('virginoparae'). A further characteristic, also noted by Lees (1975) and Corbitt & Hardie (1985) in the present English clone and by Sharma et al (1975) and Mackay et nl. Most attention has been given to Canadian clones of A.pisum which appear to overwinter exclusively as diapausing eggs.…”

Section: Introduction Materials and Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Most attention has been given to Canadian clones of A.pisum which appear to overwinter exclusively as diapausing eggs. This 'escape from photoperiod' (Lees, 1975) may clearly offer the possibility of parthenogenetic overwintering under less severe climatic conditions. (1983 show that photoperiod plays a key role in the seasonal phenology.…”

Section: Introduction Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1983) in Canadian clones, is that oviparaproducing apterae revert spontaneously to the production of virginoparae late in their reproductive lives, even if short day length conditions persist. This 'escape from photoperiod' (Lees, 1975) may clearly offer the possibility of parthenogenetic overwintering under less severe climatic conditions. The seasonal regulation of the life cycle, particularly in relation to dormancy and the synchronization of the sexes, is an important aspect of the ecology of insects from temperate climates (Brown & Hodek, 1983; Tauber el a f .…”

Section: Introduction Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The photoperiodic responses and phenology of an English strain of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Lees¹

1989

Ecological Entomology

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1. The response curves for the photoperiodic induction of the sexual forms (oviparae and males) differ significantly in an English clone of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Hams. Male production is sharply peaked. The late summer scotophases (dark periods) that initiate male production are 1.0-1.5 h shorter than those that initiate ovipara production; the induction of males, but not oviparae, virtually ceases at scotophases longer than 12 h. This disparity suggests that there are two photoperiodic clocks.2. All ovipara-producing aphids switch spontaneously to virginopara production part-way through the progeny sequence, irrespective of photoperiod. This may confer the ability to overwinter parthenogenetically under favourable climatic conditions. Since males are always born last in the progeny sequence this possibility would be pre-empted unless the terminal male sequences were suppressed by long winter scotophases.3. The role of the photoperiodic response in determining the seasonal phenology was tested in the field by exposing a succession of laboratoryreared aphids to natural photoperiods, in late summer and autumn. Adult males and oviparae developed synchronously in early October, the difference in critical scotophase compensating for the late appearance of males in the progeny sequence. A large part of the 'civil twilight' is photoperiodically active.4. Clones propagated outdoors by isolating aphids in each generation from the terminal sequence of virginoparae did not survive the whole winter of 1985/86. The chances of survival were reduced by severe weather and by the inability of the photoperiodic system to 'turn off the production of early born oviparae which are, therefore, 'wasted'.

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Section: Introduction Materials and Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introduction Materials and Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introduction Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The photoperiodic responses and phenology of an English strain of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Lees¹

1989

Ecological Entomology

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“…Preliminary results from experiments employing localized illumination supported Johnson's prediction, but it was thought that there was no maternal influence on gynopara production, only a direct photoperiodic action on the embryos (Lees, 1975). However, short-day exposure during early larval development can induce the appearance of gynoparae in the progeny of both Myzus persicue (Blackman, 1975) and Rhopalosiphum pudi (Dixon & .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Photoperiodic regulation of the development of winged gynoparae in the aphid, Aphis fabae

Hardie

Lees

1983

Physiological Entomology

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In uncrowded rearing conditions, determination of the winged gynopara of the Aphis fabae Scopoli is dependent upon both pre-and postnatal short days (LD 12:12). Extension of the photophase to produce longday (LD 16:8) conditions localized on the head or abdominal region, showed that during the early larval instars of the parent generation (Gl) there is a maternally-controlled induction of gynoparae. However, during later stages of embryonic development the presumptive gynoparae respond directly to photoperiod through the mother's abdominal wall. During early postnatal development, presumptive gynoparae (G2) remain sensitive to photoperiodic conditions; the photoperiodic receptors lie in the head. These results are discussed with respect to possible endocrine mediators of this photoperiodically controlled polymorphism.

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Juvenile Hormone and Aphid Polymorphism

Hales

1976

Phase and Caste Determination in Insects

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Aphid Polymorphism and “Darwin's Demon”

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

The photoperiodic responses and phenology of an English strain of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

The photoperiodic responses and phenology of an English strain of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Photoperiodic regulation of the development of winged gynoparae in the aphid, Aphis fabae

Juvenile Hormone and Aphid Polymorphism

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