Juvenile Hormone and Aphid Polymorphism

Hales, Dinah F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-021256-2.50014-5

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…When one of the clones (S2) was crossed with an androcyclic clone (S4), the offspring clones were of all the four possible types apart from anholocyclic. The existence of anholocyclic clones has been suggested to be due to the loss of the ability to produce sexually reproductive forms (Blackman, 1972; Hales, 1976) but results of the present and other studies indicate that they represent a distinct genotype that can be generated through sexual reproduction (Blackman, 1972; Simon et al ., 1994; Dedryver et al ., 1998, 2001). Studies on the aphids Myzus persicae (Blackman, 1972, 1976) and R. padi (Simon et al ., 1994, 1999b) have suggested a simple monohybrid inheritance mechanism, however a monofactorial two‐allele system can only give rise to a maximum of three genotypes while four reproductive modes are possible.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Life‐cycle variation in the aphid Sitobion avenae: costs and benefits of male production

Helden

Dixon

2002

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. Patterns of male production and life-cycle variation were investigated in the aphid Sitobion avenae. Seventy-seven field-collected clones were subjected to a 14 C short day-length regime to assess their reproductive modes, and three clones were used to study life-cycle inheritance. A further analysis assessed the cost of male production.2. In comparison with those from East Anglia, there were more holocyclic and intermediate clones found in Scottish populations, and they produced significantly more mating females. In total, 44% of clones were androcyclic.3. The inheritance of life cycle showed a greater level of complexity than could be achieved by previously suggested monohybrid inheritance mechanisms.4. Holocyclic and intermediate clones produced a higher proportion of males than did androcyclic clones. Inter-clonal differences were reflected in the pattern of male production in the reproductive sequence.5. A significant cost was associated with male production in terms of a reduction in both fecundity and total offspring biomass.6. Winged females rarely gave birth to males but the pattern of mating female production differed between holocyclic and intermediate clones.7. Patterns of male and mating female production by the different types of clone may be related to different advantages and disadvantages of dispersal and inbreeding.8. Recent models of aphid overwintering could be enhanced by consideration of issues raised in this study, such as the cost of male production, the inheritance of life cycle, and the patterns of sexual morph production.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Life‐cycle variation in the aphid Sitobion avenae: costs and benefits of male production

Helden

Dixon

2002

Ecological Entomology

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“…In 1976, Hales (1976) suggested that the development of juvenile hormoneantagonists or compounds that interfered with the synthesis of juvenile hormones might prove rewarding for research into wing dimorphism. Since then a number of studies of wing determination have been undertaken using precocene compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In long-day-reared aphids, parthenogenetic reproduction produces two adult forms, wingless (apterae) and winged (alatae). For many years it has been proposed that this wing dimorphism was a function of juvenile hormone levels; the original premise was that wingless adults are morphologically similar to the larval instars while winged adults are substantially different (Kennedy and Stroyan, 1959;Hales, 1976) and that juvenile hormone could control both metamorphosis and wing determination. Initial experiments with weak juvenile hormone analogues appeared to support that contention (Lees, 1966) but with the advent of more potent compounds the effects were interpreted as an inhibition of metamorphosis (Less, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 2,2‐dimethylchromene derivatives on wing determination and metamorphosis in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Hardie

Honda

Timár³

et al. 1995

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The relationship between the structure of nineteen 2,2-dimethylchromene derivatives and their effects on aphid morphogenesis were investigated in a pink clone of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisurn (Harris). Three bioassay systems were used: (1) wing induction-the induction of winged (alate) progeny by winged adults that normally produce only wingless (apterous) daughters, (2) wing inhibition-the inhibition of production of winged progeny by wingless adults that had been crowd-induced to promote the appearance of winged progeny, ( 3 ) the effect on metamorphosis-the production of precocious adults indicating a decrease in juvenile hormone titre or the induction of supernumerary moults indicating a juvenile hormone agonist effect. Compounds demonstrating wing-promoting effects had short (52 carbon) side chains at the C6 and/or C7 positions while methylation of C5 tended to decrease this activity. Of the seven compounds inducing wing formation, three also inhibited the production of winged progeny. However, the compounds affecting metamorphosis, in particular promoting precocious adult development, were similar to those that promoted wing inhibition rather than those with wing inducing effects; they had alkoxy groups at C7 with lengths of 22 carbons.There is a stronger correlation between compounds interfering with metamorphosis (and therefore evidenced to be affecting juvenile hormone levels, a classic property of some 2,2-dimethylchromene derivatives) and the promotion of wingless forms than the induction of winged forms. This finding is in contradiction to the idea that juvenile hormones are involved i n promoting wingless forms. In addition, attempts to reduce the wing-inducing properties of Precocene were inconclusive and attempts to inhibit wing formation with these two compounds atter crowding were also unsuccessful. The precise mode of action of the 2,2-dimethylchromenes in relation to aphid wing induction remains unclear but it seems likely that the effect is not related to changes in juvenile hormone titres. o 1095 WiIey-Liss, Inc.

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“…Their data suggested that X chromosome elimination was random with respect to chromosomal identity. However, wing phenotype is a highly labile feature in aphids, responding to numerous environmental variables acting in late embryonic or early larval development (reviewed by Hille Ris Lambers, 1966 ;Lees, 1966 ;Hales, 1976 ;Kawada, 1987), and it is thus desirable to test for equality of elimination of each X chromosome using appropriate molecular markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SHORT PAPER Random loss of X chromosome at male determination in an aphid, Sitobion near fragariae, detected using an X-linked polymorphic microsatellite marker

1997

Self Cite

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This paper reports the first direct molecular evidence that X chromosome loss during determination of male aphids (XO) is random. Clonal and sexual females, and males, of the species Sitobion near fragariae were screened using three polymorphic microsatellite loci. Two loci, Sm10 and Sm17, showed the same heterozygous genotypes in all three aphid morphs. The third, Sm11, was heterozygous for the same two alleles in clonal and sexual females, but of the 25 males screened 11 showed the ' 160 ' allele and 14 showed the ' 156 ' allele. This result indicates Xlinkage of locus Sm11, with random loss of the X chromosome during the formation of male embryos. The possible implications of this result are discussed with respect to aphid sex determination, recombination and chromosome evolution.

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Juvenile Hormone and Aphid Polymorphism

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Life‐cycle variation in the aphid Sitobion avenae: costs and benefits of male production

Life‐cycle variation in the aphid Sitobion avenae: costs and benefits of male production

Effects of 2,2‐dimethylchromene derivatives on wing determination and metamorphosis in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

SHORT PAPER Random loss of X chromosome at male determination in an aphid, Sitobion near fragariae, detected using an X-linked polymorphic microsatellite marker

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