Aphid Ecology An optimization approach

Dixon, Adam D.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5868-8

Cited by 494 publications

(679 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

646

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Aphids have been especially successful in exploiting a broad range of vascular plants. In temperate regions, approximately one in four plant species can be colonized by at least one species of aphid (Dixon, 1998). Phloem feeders may harm plants by direct feeding damage and by vectoring microbial pathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid Resistance inMedicago truncatulaInvolves Antixenosis and Phloem-Specific, Inducible Antibiosis, and Maps to a Single Locus Flanked by NBS-LRR Resistance Gene Analogs

Klingler

Creasy²,

Gao³

et al. 2005

Plant Physiology

197

240

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aphids and related insects feed from a single cell type in plants: the phloem sieve element. Genetic resistance to Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji (bluegreen aphid or blue alfalfa aphid) has been identified in Medicago truncatula Gaert. (barrel medic) and backcrossed into susceptible cultivars. The status of M. truncatula as a model legume allows an in-depth study of defense against this aphid at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. In this study, two closely related resistant and susceptible genotypes were used to characterize the aphid-resistance phenotype. Resistance conditions antixenosis since migratory aphids were deterred from settling on resistant plants within 6 h of release, preferring to settle on susceptible plants. Analysis of feeding behavior revealed the trait affects A. kondoi at the level of the phloem sieve element. Aphid reproduction on excised shoots demonstrated that resistance requires an intact plant. Antibiosis against A. kondoi is enhanced by prior infestation, indicating induction of this phloem-specific defense. Resistance segregates as a single dominant gene, AKR (Acyrthosiphon kondoi resistance), in two mapping populations, which have been used to map the locus to a region flanked by resistance gene analogs predicted to encode the CC-NBS-LRR subfamily of resistance proteins. This work provides the basis for future molecular analysis of defense against phloem parasitism in a plant model system.Parasitism by phloem-feeding insects, such as aphids and whiteflies, is a widespread and often serious constraint on plant production. Aphids have been especially successful in exploiting a broad range of vascular plants. In temperate regions, approximately one in four plant species can be colonized by at least one species of aphid (Dixon, 1998). Phloem feeders may harm plants by direct feeding damage and by vectoring microbial pathogens. These insects are exquisitely adapted to their hosts, feeding from a single cell type, the sieve element, at the plant interior. This cell-specific mode of herbivory presents both a technical challenge and an opportunity for plant biologists to elucidate ways in which plants defend against parasitism of the translocation stream.Despite the ubiquity of phloem feeding, basic knowledge of its relation to plant physiology and, in particular, to plant defense has lagged behind knowledge of plant-microbe interactions. This imbalance is starting to change, however, as molecular tools are applied to the study of induced responses to phloem feeding and to mechanisms of genetic resistance (for review, see Walling, 2000;Kessler and Baldwin, 2002;Moran et al., 2002). Studies with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and cultivated species have identified changes in gene expression when plants are challenged with phloem feeders (Walling, 2000;Moran and Thompson, 2001;Moran et al., 2002;de Ilarduya et al., 2003;Zhu-Salzman et al., 2004). Considering the intimate and enduring contact of insect stylets with the host tissue, it is not surprising that these and other stud...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid Resistance inMedicago truncatulaInvolves Antixenosis and Phloem-Specific, Inducible Antibiosis, and Maps to a Single Locus Flanked by NBS-LRR Resistance Gene Analogs

Klingler

Creasy²,

Gao³

et al. 2005

Plant Physiology

197

240

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…with Q(t) still given by (16). But there exists t * * at which p(t) attains its minimum, and then Q(t * * ) ≤ 1, which contradicts min t∈[0,T ] Q(t) > 1.…”

Section: X(t Z) Dz Giving P(t) ≤ Q(t) Max T∈[0t ] P(t) For All T Wmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(This last assumption is not unnecessary -some types of pest, such as aphids, can be born pregnant! [16].) It is possible to model creatures with more than two life stages by only two if we lump together the pre-adult stages into a single pre-reproductive one.…”

Section: A General Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perverse Consequences of Infrequently Culling a Pest

Terry

Gourley

2010

Bull. Math. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are potentially many situations in which creatures will be subject to infrequent but regular culling. In terms of controlling crop pests, some farmers may only be able to afford to apply pesticides occasionally. Alternatively, pesticides may be applied only occasionally to limit their unwelcome side effects, which include pesticide resistance, chemical poisoning of agricultural workers, and environmental degradation. In terms of conservation, some species (such as the red deer in the UK) may be culled occasionally to maintain balances within their ecosystem. However, in this paper we discover, as the culmination of an exploration of adult-stage culling of a creature with juvenile and adult life stages, that, in certain circumstances, regular but infrequent culling will, perversely, increase the average population of the creature.

show abstract

“…Brevicoryne brassicae is associated to plants of the Brassicaceae family (Dixon, 1998). Lipaphis erysimi has been observed in several plant species, such as lettuce (Stoltz et al, 1996), potato (DiFonzo et al, 1997), watercress (Blackman & Eastop, 2000), and Brassicaceae (Blande et al, 2004), whereas M. persicae is a generalist species infesting more than 400 plant species (Francis et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meteorological factors, especially temperature, are the main environmental variables acting on aphids, associated to the occurrence of population peaks (Dixon, 1998;Tang et al, 1999;Asin & Pons, 2001). Several authors (Chattopadhyay et al, 2005;Zamani et al, 2006;Klueken et al, 2009) have predicted aphid occurrence by meteorological factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the occurrence of alate aphids in Brassicaceae

Cividanes

Santos-Cividanes

2012

Pesq. agropec. bras.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The objective of this work was to predict the occurrence of alates of Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Brassicaceae. The alate aphids were collected in yellow water traps from July 1997 to August 2005. Aphid population peaks were predicted using a degree-day model. The meteorological factors, temperature, air relative humidity, rainfall, and sunshine hours, were used to provide precision indexes to evaluate the best predictor for the date of the first capture of alate aphids by the traps. The degree-day model indicated that the peak population of the evaluated aphid species can be predicted using one of the following biofix dates: January 1 st , June 1 st , and the date of the first capture of the alate aphid species by the yellow water traps. The best predictor of B. brassicae occurrence is the number of days with minimum temperature >15°C, and of L. erysimi and M. persicae, the number of days with rainfall occurrence.Index terms: Brassica oleracea, pest management, population dynamics, thermal requirements. Previsão da ocorrência de pulgões alados em BrassicaceaeResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi prever a ocorrência de formas aladas de Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi e Myzus persicae (Hemiptera, Aphididae) em Brassicaceae. Os pulgões foram coletados com armadilhas tipo bandeja amarela com água, no período de julho de 1997 a agosto de 2005. Os picos populacionais dos pulgões foram previstos com uso de modelo de graus-dias. Os fatores meteorológicos temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, precipitação pluvial e insolação foram utilizados para a obtenção de índices de precisão para determinar o melhor previsor da data da primeira captura de pulgões alados pelas armadilhas. O modelo de graus-dias indicou que o pico populacional dessas espécies de pulgões pode ser previsto ao se utilizar uma das seguintes datas biofix: primeiro de janeiro, primeiro de junho e data da primeira captura de alados das espécies de pulgão por armadilha tipo bandeja amarela com água. O melhor previsor da ocorrência de B. brassicae é o número de dias com temperatura mínima >15°C, e de L. erysimi e M. persicae, o número de dias com ocorrência de chuvas.Termos para indexação: Brassica oleracea, manejo de pragas, dinâmica populacional, exigências térmicas.

show abstract

Aphid Ecology An optimization approach

Cited by 494 publications

References 0 publications

Aphid Resistance inMedicago truncatulaInvolves Antixenosis and Phloem-Specific, Inducible Antibiosis, and Maps to a Single Locus Flanked by NBS-LRR Resistance Gene Analogs

Aphid Resistance inMedicago truncatulaInvolves Antixenosis and Phloem-Specific, Inducible Antibiosis, and Maps to a Single Locus Flanked by NBS-LRR Resistance Gene Analogs

Perverse Consequences of Infrequently Culling a Pest

Predicting the occurrence of alate aphids in Brassicaceae

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About