Apgar Scores and Cognitive Performance at 17 Years of Age

Ds, Seidman; Paz, Ido; Laor, Arie; Gale, Rena; Stevenson, D.K.; Danon, Yehuda L.

doi:10.1097/00132586-199204000-00018

Cited by 18 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Seidman et al were unable to show an association between low Apgar scores and IQ at 18 years 20. Moster et al 21 and Blackman22 reported evidence of reduced cognition only in infants who had developed signs of encephalopathy after birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A cohort study of low Apgar scores and cognitive outcomes

Odd

Rasmussen

Gunnell

et al. 2007

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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Objective:To investigate the association of brief (0–5 minutes) and prolonged (>5 minutes) low Apgar scores (<7) in non-encephalopathic infants with educational achievement at age 15–16 and intelligence quotients (IQs) at age 18.Design:Population-based record-linkage cohort study of 176 524 male infants born throughout Sweden between 1973 and 1976.Patients and methods:Data from the Medical Birth Register were linked to Population and Housing Censuses, conscription medical records (IQ), and school registers (summary school grade). Infants were classified according to the time for their Apgar score to reach 7 or above. Premature infants and those with encephalopathy were excluded.Results:Infants with brief (OR = 1.14 (1.03–1.27)) or prolonged (OR = 1.35 (1.07–1.69)) low Apgar scores were more likely to have a low IQ score. There was an increased risk of a low IQ score (p = 0.003) the longer it took the infant to achieve a normal Apgar score. There was no association between brief (OR = 0.96 (0.87–1.06)) or prolonged (OR = 1.01 (0.81–1.26)) low Apgar scores and a low summary school grade at age 15–16, or evidence for a trend in the risk of a low school grade (p = 0.61). The estimated proportion with an IQ score below 81 due to transiently low Apgar scores was only 0.7%.Conclusions:Infants in poor condition at birth have increased risk of poor functioning in cognitive tests in later life. This supports the idea of a “continuum of reproductive casualty”, although the small individual effect suggests that these mild degrees of fetal compromise are not of clinical importance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A cohort study of low Apgar scores and cognitive outcomes

Odd

Rasmussen

Gunnell

et al. 2007

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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“…Some have found no association but had methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes,21 22 parental-reported outcomes22 and selection bias 23. In contrast, a number of larger and more robust studies have demonstrated increased risk of learning disability24 or special educational needs schooling14 25–27 among children with low Apgar scores at birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-minute Apgar score and educational outcomes: retrospective cohort study of 751 369 children

Tweed

Mackay

Nelson

et al. 2015

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed

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“…However, these single markers have relatively low sensitivity and specificity for accurate diagnosis [54]. Moreover, they lack predictive power [3, 20, 35–37, 40, 51]. Therefore, a shift has been made towards multiple-marker definitions based on combinations of indicators [16, 35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term cognitive and behavioral consequences of neonatal encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia: a review

et al. 2007

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Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) following perinatal asphyxia (PA) is considered an important cause of later neurodevelopmental impairment in infants born at term. This review discusses long-term consequences for general cognitive functioning, educational achievement, neuropsychological functioning and behavior. In all areas reviewed, the outcome of children with mild NE is consistently positive and the outcome of children with severe NE consistently negative. However, children with moderate NE form a more heterogeneous group with respect to outcome. On average, intelligence scores are below those of children with mild NE and age-matched peers, but within the normal range. With respect to educational achievement, difficulties have been found in the domains reading, spelling and arithmetic/mathematics. So far, studies of neuropsychological functioning have yielded ambiguous results in children with moderate NE. A few studies suggest elevated rates of hyperactivity in children with moderate NE and autism in children with moderate and severe NE. Conclusion: Behavioral monitoring is required for all children with NE. In addition, systematic, detailed neuropsychological examination is needed especially for children with moderate NE.

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Apgar Scores and Cognitive Performance at 17 Years of Age

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

A cohort study of low Apgar scores and cognitive outcomes

A cohort study of low Apgar scores and cognitive outcomes

Five-minute Apgar score and educational outcomes: retrospective cohort study of 751 369 children

Long-term cognitive and behavioral consequences of neonatal encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia: a review

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