Apelin and its receptor are expressed in human osteoblasts

Xie, Hui; Tang, Siyuan; Cui, Rongrong; Huang, Jiao; Ren, Xiubao; Yuan, Ling‐Qing; Lu, Ying; Yang, Min; Zhou, Hong-Hao; Wu, Xianping; Luo, Xi; Liao, Er-Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2006.02.004

Cited by 70 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Studies on hippocampal cultures expressing APJ, and on mouse hearts, have also shown that apelin mediates the activation of ERK1/2 (O' Donnell et al 2007). However, apelin does not activate ERK1/2 in human osteoblasts and dose dependently decreases the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in mouse cortical neurones, cells that endogenously express APJ (Xie et al 2006, Zeng et al 2010.…”

Section: Apj Signalling To Erk1/2mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Apelin-13-and apelin-36-mediated Akt phosphorylation in CHO cells expressing mouse APJ takes place via coupling to Ga i1 or Ga i2 . Apelin also activates Akt in HUVECs ) and in osteoblasts, where it has proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects (Xie et al 2006, 2007). Additionally, apelin activates Akt in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures, suggesting a neuroprotective role (O'Donnell et al 2007), while in mouse cortical neurones, the neuroprotective action of apelin is blocked by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, implicating the PI3K/Akt pathway in this process (Zeng et al 2010).…”

Section: Apelin and The Pi3k/akt Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apelin may also have a role in neuroprotection, as apelin pre-treatment protects hippocampal neurones against N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitotoxic injury (O'Donnell et al 2007), possibly via the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 (Zhou et al 2000, Cheng et al 2012, and prevents apoptosis in cultured mouse cortical neurones (Zeng et al 2010). Furthermore, apelin and APJ are expressed in osteoblasts where they may induce cell proliferation and promote survival (Xie et al 2006, 2007, Wattanachanya et al 2013; however, an increase in bone mass can be observed in apelin KO mice (Wattanachanya et al 2013). Recently, apelin has been reported to have a potential role in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA), as apelin is present in synovial fluid, and OA patients have elevated plasma apelin concentrations (Hu et al 2011).…”

Section: Other Functions Of the Apelinergic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

O’Carroll

Lolait

Harris

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

279

201

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The apelin receptor (APJ; gene symbol APLNR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor gene family. Neural gene expression patterns of APJ, and its cognate ligand apelin, in the brain implicate the apelinergic system in the regulation of a number of physiological processes. APJ and apelin are highly expressed in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, which regulates fluid homeostasis, in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which controls the neuroendocrine response to stress, and in the forebrain and lower brainstem regions, which are involved in cardiovascular function. Recently, apelin, synthesised and secreted by adipocytes, has been described as a beneficial adipokine related to obesity, and there is growing awareness of a potential role for apelin and APJ in glucose and energy metabolism. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, expression pattern and regulation of apelin and its receptor, as well as the main second messengers and signalling proteins activated by apelin. We also highlight the physiological and pathological roles that support this system as a novel therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in treating conditions related to altered water balance, stress-induced disorders such as anxiety and depression, and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

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Section: Apj Signalling To Erk1/2mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Apelin and The Pi3k/akt Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Functions Of the Apelinergic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

O’Carroll

Lolait

Harris

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

279

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…DNA and protein synthesis assay DNA and protein synthesis were assessed using scintillation counting to measure the incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine (7.4×10 4 Bq/mL) or [ 3 H]leucine into DNA or protein, respectively, as previously described [29][30][31] . Briefly, cells were plated at a density of 2×10 4 /well in 24-well plates, cultured in growth medium and treated with vehicle controls, 5−20 mmol/L TAU, 1−10 mmol/L LC or 20 mmol/L TAU+10 mmol/L LC for 48 h. Then, the plates were washed with PBS, and 10% trichloroacetic acid solution was added to the wells to precipitate the DNA and protein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-carnitine and taurine synergistically inhibit the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells

et al. 2010

Self Cite

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Aim: To investigate the synergistic action of L-carnitine (LC) and taurine (TAU) on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods: DNA and protein synthesis of VSMCs were assessed using scintillation counting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content were determined to investigate the effects of LC and TAU on the osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of VSMCs. TAU uptake by VSMCs was assayed. RNA interference was used to down-regulate the expression of the TAU transporter (TAUT) in rat VSMCs. Results: LC and TAU synergistically inhibited the proliferation and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP)-induced osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs as evidenced by the decreased [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation, ALP activity and calcium deposition. Furthermore, LC stimulated the TAU uptake and TAUT expression in VSMCs. Suppression of TAUT with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) abolished the synergistic action of LC and TAU in VSMCs. Conclusion: The synergistic inhibitory action of LC and TAU on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs is attributable to the up-regulation of TAUT expression and TAU uptake by LC.

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“…Western blot analysis was performed as previously described (22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Cells were lysed and protein concentrations were determined by the Bradford assay with BSA used as standard.…”

Section: Western Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine inhibits serum deprivation-induced osteoblast apoptosis via the taurine transporter/ERK signaling pathway

Zhang¹,

Zhou²,

Chen³

et al. 2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Taurine has positive effects on bone metabolism. However, the effects of taurine on osteoblast apoptosis in vitro have not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of taurine on apoptosis of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The data showed that 1, 5, 10, or 20 mM taurine resulted in 16.7, 34.2, 66.9, or 63.75% reduction of MC3T3-E1 cell apoptosis induced by the serum deprivation (serum-free α-MEM), respectively. Taurine (1, 5, or 10 mM) also reduced cytochrome c release and inhibited activation of caspase-3 and -9, which were measured using fluorogenic substrates for caspase-3/caspase-9, in serum-deprived MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, taurine (10 mM) induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Knockdown of the taurine transporter (TAUT) or treatment with the ERK-specific inhibitor PD98059 (10 μM) blocked the activation of ERK induced by taurine (10 mM) and abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of taurine (10 mM) in MC3T3-E1 cells. The present results demonstrate for the first time that taurine inhibits serum deprivation-induced osteoblast apoptosis via the TAUT/ERK signaling pathway

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Apelin and its receptor are expressed in human osteoblasts

Cited by 70 publications

References 45 publications

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

L-carnitine and taurine synergistically inhibit the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells

Taurine inhibits serum deprivation-induced osteoblast apoptosis via the taurine transporter/ERK signaling pathway

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