APB differentially affects the cone contributions to the 
zebrafish ERG

Saszik, Shannon; Alexander, Amber; Lawrence, T. L. J.; Bilotta, Joseph

doi:10.1017/s0952523802194144

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…There is good physiological evidence that the ON-response of the rod pathway [32], [33] and to a lesser extent also the cone ON-pathway [33], [34] is mediated at least partially by mGluR6 signaling in the zebrafish.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Expression Patterns of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 6 in the Zebrafish Nervous System

Huang¹,

Haug²,

Gesemann³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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The metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6 or GRM6) belongs to the class III of the metabotropic glutamate receptor family. It is the only known mGluR that mediates direct synaptic transmission in the nervous system and is thought to mediate the ON-response in the ON-pathway of the vertebrate retina. Phylogenetic and gene structure analysis indicated that the zebrafish genome harbours two mglur6 paralogs, mglur6a and mglur6b. Besides expression in the inner nuclear layer and distinct regions in the brain, both mglur6 paralogs are expressed in ganglion cells of the retina, an expression pattern which can also be observed in the downstream effector molecules gnaoa and gnaob. This unexpected expression pattern is consistent with immunohistological labeling using a peptide antibody specific for the mGluR6b paralog. These expression patterns contradict the existing view that mGluR6 is solely located on ON-bipolar cells where it functions in signal transmission. Consistent with expression in ON-bipolar cells, we report a decreased b-wave amplitude in the electroretinogram after morpholino-based downregulation of mGluR6b, showing a function in the ON response. Our data suggest more widespread functions of mGluR6 mediated signaling in the central nervous system, possibly including sign reversing synapses in the inner retina.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Expression Patterns of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 6 in the Zebrafish Nervous System

Huang¹,

Haug²,

Gesemann³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…ERGs have been documented using intact larvae and adults (Grant & Dowling, 1996;Hughes et al, 1998;Bilotta et al, 2001;Patterson et al, 2002;Saszik et al, 2002;Seeliger et al, 2002;Ren & Li, 2004;Vitorino et al, 2009), isolated larval eyes , and adult eyecup preparations (Wong, Adolph, et al, 2005;Nelson & Singla, 2009). ERGs have been documented using intact larvae and adults (Grant & Dowling, 1996;Hughes et al, 1998;Bilotta et al, 2001;Patterson et al, 2002;Saszik et al, 2002;Seeliger et al, 2002;Ren & Li, 2004;Vitorino et al, 2009), isolated larval eyes , and adult eyecup preparations (Wong, Adolph, et al, 2005;Nelson & Singla, 2009).…”

Section: Glutamatementioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar cells in the zebrafish retina

Connaughton

2010

Vis Neurosci

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Zebrafish are an existing model for genetic and developmental studies due to their rapid external development and transparent embryos, which allow easy manipulation and observation of early developmental stages. The application of the zebrafish model to vision research has allowed for examination of retinal development and the characteristics of different retinal cell types, including bipolar cells. In particular, bipolar cell development, including differentiation, maturation, and gene expression, has been documented, as has physiological properties, such as voltage- and ligand-gated currents, and neurotransmitter receptor and ion channel expression. Mutant strains and transgenic lines have been used to document how bipolar cell connections and/or development may be altered, and toxicological studies examining how environmental factors may impact bipolar cell activity have been performed. The purpose of this paper was to review the existing literature on zebrafish bipolar cells, to provide a comprehensive overview of current information pertaining to this retinal cell type.

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“…Perturbations in b-wave spectral properties by individual drugs such as L-AP4 were also investigated (Saszik et al , 2002a), but no attempt was made to isolate the ERG elements arising from individual synaptic mechanisms, such as cone synapses with ON bipolar cells. In the present study we use non-linear models to characterize the spectral summation within isolated ERG elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A spectral model for signal elements isolated from zebrafish photopic electroretinogram

Nelson

Singla

2009

Vis Neurosci

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The zebrafish photopic ERG sums isolatable elements. In each element red, blue, green and UV (r, g, b, u) cone signals combine in a way that reflects retinal organization. ERG responses to monochromatic stimuli of different wavelengths and irradiances were recorded on a white, rod suppressing background using superfused eyecups. Onset elements were isolated with glutamatergic blockers and response subtractions. CNQX blocked ionotropic (AMPA/kainate) glutamate receptors; L-AP4 or CPPG blocked metabotropic (mGluR6) glutamate receptors; TBOA blocked glutamate transporters; and L-Aspartate inactivated all glutamatergic mechanisms. Seven elements emerged: photopic PIII, the L-Aspartate-isolated cone response; b1, a CNQX-sensitive early b-wave element of inner retinal origin; PII, a photopic, CNQX-insensitive, composite b-wave element from ON bipolar cells; PIIm, an L-AP4/CPPG-sensitive, CNQX-insensitive metabotropic sub-element of PII; PIInm, an L-AP4/CPPG/CNQX-insensitive, non-metabotropic sub-element of PII; a1nm, a TBOAsensitive, CNQX/L-AP4/CPPG-insensitive, non-metabotropic, post-photoreceptor a-wave element; and a2, a CNQX-sensitive a-wave element linked to OFF bipolar cells. The first five elements were fit with a spectral model that demonstrates independence of cone color pathways. From this V max and half-saturation values (k) for the contributing r-g-b-and u-cone signals were calculated. Two signal patterns emerged. For PIII or PIInm the V max order was V r > V g ≫ V b ≈ V u . For b1, PII, and PIIm the V max order was V r ≈ V b > V g > V u . In either pattern u-cone amplitude (V u ) was smallest, but u-cone sensitivity (k u362 ) was greatest, some 10-30 times greater than r-cone (k r570 ). The spectra of b1/PII/PIIm elements peaked near b-cone and u-cone absorbance maxima regardless of criteria, but the spectra of PIII/PIInm elements shifted from b-towards r-cone absorbance maxima as criterion levels increased. The greatest gains in V max relative to PIII occurred for the b-and u-cone signals in the b1/PII/PIIm b-wave elements. This suggests a high-gain, prolific metabotropic circuitry for band u-cone bipolar cells.

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APB differentially affects the cone contributions to the zebrafish ERG

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Novel Expression Patterns of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 6 in the Zebrafish Nervous System

Novel Expression Patterns of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 6 in the Zebrafish Nervous System

Bipolar cells in the zebrafish retina

A spectral model for signal elements isolated from zebrafish photopic electroretinogram

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