Apathetic and neutral audiences: A computer simulation and validation

Persuasion past and present: Attitudes aren't what they used to be

“…Although earlier writers have labored over a means of distinguishing the informed neutral audience member from the apathetic individual, those attempts were framed solely in terms of cognitive ambivalence (e.g., Hylton & Lashbrook, 1972). The structural model extends that work by specifying previously unconsidered sources of ambivalence, which in turn, suggest questions about audience analysis and persuasive strategy.…”

Organizational and systems theory: An integrated review.

“…Research on interventions such as MBO and Job enrichment has demonstrated the need for employees to know how they are doing on the job (Cook, 1968;Fisher, 1979;Hackman and Oldham, 1976;Tosi and Carroll, 1970). Two orientations have been adopted in this -" research: (1) social-psychological, in which feedback is viewed as an essential feature of the interpersonal interactions necessary for role learning (e.g., Katz and Kahn, 1976;Meyer, Kay and French, 1965) and as a means of providing the necessary environment for meeting higher-order,.…”

Toward measurements of human communication through simulations

“…1 The most ambitious study undertaken by speech-communication specialists is Hylton and Lashbrook's attempt to simulate in a man-machine operation different audience conditions in a study of saliency in attitude change. 2 Although not identified as a simulation, Leathers' experiment involving trust creation and destruction utilized most of the essential characteristics of a simulation. 3 Similarly, Tubbs' study of interpersonal trust and its relation to behavior under differing message conditions required a simulated condition for manipulating the growth and deterioration of trust behavior."…”