APAF-1 signaling in human melanoma

Anichini, Andrea; Mortarini, Roberta; Sensi, Marialuisa; Zanon, Marina

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2005.06.034

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Apoptosis can be initiated by either intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms and ultimately leads to DNA fragmentation and cell death [6]. A characteristic marker of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is caspase-9, which is activated by the release of cytochrome c from damaged mitochondria [7]. Activated caspases-8 and -10 are markers of extrinsic apoptosis [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of apoptosis in human autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases

2008

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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease in adults. Autosomal recessive (AR) PKD affects approximately 1:20,000 live-born children with high perinatal mortality. Both diseases have abnormalities in epithelial proliferation, secretion, and cell-matrix interactions, leading to progressive cystic expansion and associated interstitial fibrosis. Cell number in a kidney reflects the balance between proliferation and apoptosis. Apoptosis results from extrinsic (ligand-induced, expression of caspase-8) and intrinsic (mitochondrial damage, expression of caspase-9) triggers. Previous studies have suggested a role for apoptosis in PKD cyst formation and parenchymal destruction. Mechanisms underlying apoptosis in human ADPKD and ARPKD were examined by quantitative immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblot analyses of age-matched normal and PKD tissues. Caspase-8 expression was significantly greater in small cysts and normal-appearing tubules than in larger cysts in ADPKD kidneys. Caspase-8 also appeared early in the disease process of ADPKD. In ARPKD, expression of caspase-8 was most pronounced in later stages of the disease and was not confined to a specific cyst size. In conclusion, apoptosis in human ADPKD is an early event, occurring predominantly in normal-appearing tubules and small cysts, and is triggered by an extrinsic factor, but it occurs later in ARPKD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of apoptosis in human autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases

2008

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“…This leads to activation of caspases, induction of apoptosis, and cell death. [41][42][43] This molecular mechanism could explain, at least partially, the cytotoxic effect of quantum dots coated with non-crosslinked PAMAM dendrimers ( Figure 4B). …”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical nature and structure of organic coating of quantum dots is crucial for their application in imaging diagnostics

Bakalova¹,

Zhelev²,

Kokuryo³

et al. 2011

IJN

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Background: One of the most attractive properties of quantum dots is their potential to extend the opportunities for fluorescent and multimodal imaging in vivo. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether the composition and structure of organic coating of nanoparticles are crucial for their application in vivo. Methods: We compared quantum dots coated with non-crosslinked amino-functionalized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, quantum dots encapsulated in crosslinked carboxyl-functionalized PAMAM dendrimers, and silica-shelled amino-functionalized quantum dots. A multimodal fluorescent and paramagnetic quantum dot probe was also developed and analyzed. The probes were applied intravenously in anesthetized animals for visualization of brain vasculature using two-photon excited fluorescent microscopy and visualization of tumors using fluorescent IVIS ® imaging (Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, MA) and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Quantum dots coated with non-crosslinked dendrimers were cytotoxic. They induced side effects in vivo, including vasodilatation with a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate. The quantum dots penetrated the vessels, which caused the quality of fluorescent imaging to deteriorate. Quantum dots encapsulated in crosslinked dendrimers had low cytotoxicity and were biocompatible. In concentrations <0.3 nmol quantum dots/kg bodyweight, these nanoparticles did not affect blood pressure and heart rate, and did not induce vasodilatation or vasoconstriction. PEGylation (PEG [polyethylene glycol]) was an indispensable step in development of a quantum dot probe for in vivo imaging, based on silica-shelled quantum dots. The non-PEGylated silica-shelled quantum dots possessed low colloidal stability in high-salt physiological fluids, accompanied by rapid aggregation in vivo. The conjugation of silica-shelled quantum dots with PEG1100 increased their stability and half-life in the circulation without significant enhancement of their size. In concentrations <2.5 nmol/kg bodyweight, these quantum dots did not affect the main physiological variables. It was possible to visualize capillaries, which makes this quantum dot probe appropriate for investigation of mediators of vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and brain circulation in intact animals in vivo. The multimodal silica-shelled quantum dots allowed visualization of tumor tissue in an early stage of its development, using magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: The present study shows that the type and structure of organic/bioorganic shells of quantum dots determine their biocompatibility and are crucial for their application in imaging in vivo, due to the effects of the shell on the following properties: colloidal stability, solubility in physiological fluids, influence of the basic physiological parameters, and cytotoxicity.

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“…They are first synthesized or expressed in cells as inactive proenzyme which consists of a prodomain, a small subunit, and a large subunit forms that require oligomerization and/or cleavage for activation. However, caspase-independent apoptosis is also reported (23).…”

Section: Apoptosis Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Apoptosis Pathways in Cancer and Perspectives with Natural Compounds from Mother Nature

Millimouno

Dong

Liu

et al. 2014

Cancer Prevention Research

235

168

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Although the incidences are increasing day after day, scientists and researchers taken individually or by research group are trying to fight against cancer by several ways and also by different approaches and techniques. Sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, diterpenoids, and polyphenolic represent a large and diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants with various anticancer properties. In this review, our aim is to give our perspective on the current status of the natural compounds belonging to these groups and discuss their natural sources, their anticancer activity, their molecular targets, and their mechanism of actions with specific emphasis on apoptosis pathways, which may help the further design and conduct of preclinical and clinical trials. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, the selected natural compounds induce apoptosis by targeting multiple cellular signaling pathways including transcription factors, growth factors, tumor cell survival factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases, and angiogenesis that are frequently deregulated in cancers and suggest that their simultaneous targeting by these compounds could result in efficacious and selective killing of cancer cells. This review suggests that they provide a novel opportunity for treatment of cancer, but clinical trials are still required to further validate them in cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Prev Res; 7(11);

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APAF-1 signaling in human melanoma

Cited by 29 publications

References 78 publications

Pathways of apoptosis in human autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases

Pathways of apoptosis in human autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases

Chemical nature and structure of organic coating of quantum dots is crucial for their application in imaging diagnostics

Targeting Apoptosis Pathways in Cancer and Perspectives with Natural Compounds from Mother Nature

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