“…Irrespective of whether pericardial‐made prostheses are manufactured as conventionally or minimally invasively implantable devices (Chacko et al, ; Farias et al, ; Johnston et al, ), they are “xenografts” whose integration in the host fail at mid‐long term for lack of a complete immunological compatibility and insufficient fixative detoxification. In fact, the treatment of animal tissues with aldehyde‐based fixatives leaves exogenous immunoreactive biological material (e.g., DNA), xenoantigens (e.g., the 1,3‐α‐Gal), and aldehyde residues, which determine a chronic rejection resulting in leaflet inflammation or calcification and progressive deterioration of mechanical performance (Carpentier, Lemaigre, Robert, Carpentier, & Dubost, ; Grabenwoger et al, ; Schoen & Levy, ; Siddiqui, Abraham, & Butany, ).…”