“…Family-related factors associated with conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency include child abuse or neglect, harsh parental discipline, absence of parental warmth, parental psychopathology, and family disruption. 8,15,[31][32][33][34] While parental warmth has been associated with secure attachment, psychological health, and social competence, children experiencing the opposite are more likely to present with aggression, hostility, negative self-esteem, and emotional instability. [34][35][36] Inconsistent, distant, or abusive parenting may lead to insecure attachment, causing children to view themselves as unlovable and the world as untrustworthy.…”