Anxiolytic Effects of Drugs: Approaches, Methods and Problems

Janke, Wilhelm; Netter, Petra

doi:10.1159/000117934

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The effects on deactivation tend to show a stimulating component, those on anxiousness a tranquilizing one. On the other hand these effects are so weak and time-dependent that assigning carbamazepine to one of the two drug classes would not be justified espe cially because of the fact that essentially typical effects of stimulating and tranquilizing drugs could not be demon strated [for a summary see Janke et al, 1979;Janke and Netter, 1983], Likewise the classification as an 'antide pressant' drug does not seem possible, for the effects of carbamazepine, neither after single nor after repeated administration, correspond with those that were found in healthy subjects after administration of antidepressant drugs (especially there is no sign of sedating components after single administration) [for summary of effects of antidepressant drugs in healthy subjects see Debus and Ehrhardt, 1983].…”

Section: Psychological Effects O F Carbamazepinementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Effects of Carbamazepine after Single and Repeated Administration in Emotionally Labile Subjects

Janke¹,

Kj²,

Münch³

1983

Neuropsychobiology

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The sample investigated consisted of two groups of emotionally labile healthy male subjects who were given either 100 mg/day of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (n = 16) or placebo (n = 16) for 8 days. Subjects were selected on the basis of their scores in the neuroticism scale of the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI-A: N score S≥6). By means of an extensive test battery (ratings of emotional state, emotional reactivity tests, performance tests, physiological parameters) at day 1 and day 8 of ingestion the psychotropic effects of carbamazepine were evaluated as well as the differences in effects after single and repeated administration. Behavioral effects could be demonstrated for carbamazepine after single administration, but the differences found were rather small and limited to four parameters. After several days of administration carbamazepine revealed clear effects on psychological parameters. It is concluded that a drug like carbamazepine needs more than a single administration to be effective in psychological tests, in contrast to tranquilizing, sedating, neuroleptic and stimulating drugs. Carbamazepine has this characteristic common with antidepressant drugs. The experiment demonstrated that carbamazepine is a drug which under the chosen dose level conditions has a positive influence on subjective emotional states, e.g. reduction of deactivation and emotional tension (anxiousness).

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Section: Psychological Effects O F Carbamazepinementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Effects of Carbamazepine after Single and Repeated Administration in Emotionally Labile Subjects

Janke¹,

Kj²,

Münch³

1983

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Yet, there are some difficulties in producing anxiety that is sensitive to anxiolytic drugs due to the low level of the anxiety produced that is allowed by ethical constraints. Also, the sedative and anxiolytic effects of drugs are often hard to distinguish (2). In spite of these shortcomings, some procedures have yielded valuable results, which are discussed below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology of human experimental anxiety

Graeff

Parente

Del-Ben

et al. 2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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This review covers the effect of drugs affecting anxiety using four psychological procedures for inducing experimental anxiety applied to healthy volunteers and patients with anxiety disorders. The first is aversive conditioning of the skin conductance responses to tones. The second is simulated public speaking, which consists of speaking in front of a video camera, with anxiety being measured with psychometric scales. The third is the Stroop Color-Word test, in which words naming colors are painted in the same or in a different shade, the incongruence generating a cognitive conflict. The last test is a human version of a thoroughly studied animal model of anxiety, fear-potentiated startle, in which the eye-blink reflex to a loud noise is recorded. The evidence reviewed led to the conclusion that the aversive conditioning and potentiated startle tests are based on classical conditioning of anticipatory anxiety. Their sensitivity to benzodiazepine anxiolytics suggests that these models generate an emotional state related to generalized anxiety disorder. On the other hand, the increase in anxiety determined by simulated public speaking is resistant to benzodiazepines and sensitive to drugs affecting serotonergic neurotransmission. This pharmacological profile, together with epidemiological evidence indicating its widespread prevalence, suggests that the emotional state generated by public speaking represents a species-specific response that may be related to social phobia and panic disorder.

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“…Also in previous studies anxiety-specific scales were often found to be less sensitive when trying to demonstrate emotional stabilization by tranquilizers than scales refer ring to other emotional aspects [for summaries see Debus and Janke, 1980;Janke and Netter, 1983]. Since under the 'high anxiety'-provoking situation of the present study oxprenolol decreased experimentally induced emotional states in some scales which are not specifically related to anxiety, it might be concluded that subjective emotional effects of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs can vary mark edly with the kind of dependent variable, too.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most beta-adrenergic blocking drugs have effects on the central nervous system as well [Koella, 1978], their peripheral actions stimulated many studies on the subjective emotional effects of these drugs. Like adrenergic stimulating agents, beta-blockers are used as research tools for studying the relationships between au tonomic nervous system processes and emotional states [Erdmann, 1983a;Janke and Netter, 1983], Until now. effects of these drugs on the subjective emotional aspects of anxiety are not very well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Emotional Effects of a Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agent and a Tranquilizer under Different Situational Conditions

Erdmann¹,

Janke²,

Köchers³

et al. 1984

Neuropsychobiology

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This study investigated the emotional effects of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent oxprenolol (40 mg, p.o.) and the tranquilizing agent diazepam (5 mg, p.o.) in healthy subjects under three situational conditions:an emotionally neutral control situation and two situations designed to arouse different levels of anxiety. Both oxprenolol and diazepam induced positive emotional changes only in the more strongly anxiety-arousing situation. Significant differences between oxprenolol and diazepam in inducing emotional stabilization were not demonstrable.

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Anxiolytic Effects of Drugs: Approaches, Methods and Problems

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Behavioral Effects of Carbamazepine after Single and Repeated Administration in Emotionally Labile Subjects

Behavioral Effects of Carbamazepine after Single and Repeated Administration in Emotionally Labile Subjects

Pharmacology of human experimental anxiety

Comparison of the Emotional Effects of a Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agent and a Tranquilizer under Different Situational Conditions

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