“…, 2-3세 일반아동의 비유창성 특성 (Yairi, 1981(Yairi, , 1982, 말더듬 발생시기에 따른 비유창성 특성 (Yairi & Lewis, 1984), 말더듬 지속 및 회복집단의 비유창성 특성 (Yairi & Ambrose, 1999 Yairi, Loucks, Seery, & Throneburg, 2015;Usler, Smith, & Weber, 2017;Watts, Eadie, Block, Mensah, & Reilly, 2017), 말더듬 아동의 심리적 측면에 대한 특성연구도 이루어지고 있다 (Ambrose et al, 2015;Kefalianos et al, 2017a;Kefalianos, Onslow, Ukoumunne, Block, & Reilly, 2017b;Smith et al, 2017 Millard, Nicholas, & Cook, 2008;Riley & Ingham, 2000;Trajkovski et al, 2009;Park, Lee, & Sim, 2015 (Buhr & Zebrowski, 2009;Hall, Amir, & Yairi, 1999;Hilger, Zelaznik, & Smith, 2016;Kloth, Janssen, Kraaimaat, & Brutten, 1998;Kloth, Kraaimaat, Janssen, & Brutten, 1999;Paden, Ambrose, & Yairi, 2002;Ryan, 2001;Throneburg & Yairi, 2001;Wagovich, Hall, & Clifford, 2009;Yairi & Ambrose, 1999 (Buhr & Zebrowski, 2009;Hall et al, 1999;Kloth et al, 1998Kloth et al, , 1999Ryan, 2001;Throneburg & Yairi, 2001;Yairi & Ambrose, 1999 Hall et al, 1999;Kloth, Janssen, Kraaimaat, & Brutten, 1995;Kloth et al, 1998…”