Anxiety and depression symptoms in recurrent painful renal lithiasis colic

Abstract

Several studies have reported that symptoms of anxiety and depression are significantly associated with diseases characterized by painful crises. However, there is little information about the psychological aspects of recurrent painful episodes of renal stone disease. Our objective was to evaluate the association of symptoms of anxiety, depression and recurrent painful renal colic in a case-control study involving 64 subjects (32 cases/32 controls) matched for age and sex. Cases were outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of nephrolithiasis as per their case history, physical examination, image examination and other laboratory exams. Patients had a history of at least two episodes within a 3-year period, and were currently in an intercrisis interval. The control group consisted of subjects seen at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic of this University Hospital with only eye refraction symptoms, and no other associated disease. Symptoms of anxiety were evaluated by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and symptoms of depression by the Beck Depression Inventory. Statistically significant differences were observed between patients with nephrolithiasis and controls for anxiety state (P = 0.001), anxiety trait (P = 0.005) and symptoms of depression (odds ratio = 3.74; 95%CI = 1.31-10.62). The Beck Depression Inventory showed 34.5% of respondents with moderate and 6% with severe levels of depression. There was a significant linear correlation between symptoms of anxiety (P = 0.002) and depression (P < 0.001) and the number of recurrent colic episodes (anxiety-state: P = 0.016 and anxiety-trait: P < 0.001). These data suggest an association between recurrent renal colic and symptoms of both anxiety and depression.

Stone size and quality of life: A critical evaluation after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

“…In addition to the disease related bothersome symptoms; fragments forming after certain stone removal procedure(s) and related interventions can also be associated with a variety of distressing symptoms which may worsen over time (15). Among these symptoms colic pain, obstruction and recurrent infections resulting in decreased productivity, loss of work time or employment are the most prominent ones (5, 6).…”

“…However endourologists so far, followed the patients solely with respect to the success rates without giving any attention for the changes in patient' s QoL. Procedure itself, stone fragments resided as well as the additional procedures required could affect the QoL and the endourologists should not solely focus on the final outcome but also on these important changes (4,5,15). Such a perspective is particularly true in socially active aged cases undergoing ESWL (13,14).…”

“…To our knowledge detailed data focusing on the QoL changes after ESWL therapy particularly on a treated stone size based manner is reasonably lacking. In the limited number of studies published so far the authors either evaluated QoL changes after different procedures in a comparative manner or focused on the patient preferences in the treatment of urinary stones (14,15,26). In this present study, apart from the evaluation of the efficacy of ESWL, we aimed to evaluate the changes in the QoL of the patients with an emphasis on the treated stone size during 1 and 3-month follow-up period.…”

“…The associated symptoms and morbidity during the passage of disintegrated fragments might have significant effects on these patients' QoL (4,13,14). Thus, it becomes more important that endourologists should not solely focus on the SF obtained but also on the changes in psychological, functional, social and economic life of the patients after ESWL which may possibly change well during the clinical course and the repeated sessions and/or additional procedures after ESWL (4,5,15). QoL is an estimate of freedom from impairement, disability or handicap (16).…”

Comparative Analysis of Shock Wave Therapy Success Rate in Management of Renal Stones and Patient Anxiety

“…[2] It is obvious that the stress caused by these discomforts could lead to psychological problems such as worry and depression. [3] Difficult developments may create anxiety in these patients, negatively affecting their motivation, work performance, and overall quality of life.…”