Antixenotic and Antibiotic Mechanisms of Resistance to African Rice Gall Midge in Nigeria

Oyetunji, O. E.; Nwilene, F. E.; Togola, Abou; Adebayo, K.A.

doi:10.3923/tasr.2014.174.186

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This result also confirmed the earlier research work that D. cucurbitae can only attack flowers and fruits (Dhillion et al, 2005). Several studies have proved that variety or genotype of the same species could defer significantly in their resistance to insect infestations (Dhillon et al, 2005;Oyetunji, et al, 2014). Considering the tested crops, the level of insect infestation was considerably high on watermelon while cucumber had the least insect infestations at vegetative stage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Comparative assessment of insect pests population densities of three selected cucurbit crops

Olaitan¹,

Abiodun²,

Foluke³

et al. 2017

Acta fytotechn zootechn

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Plants typically contain significant amounts of preformed chemicals produced via secondary metabolism. These include phenolics of varying structural sophistication, terpenoids, and steroids. The concentrations of these The study on the relative abundance of insect pests is a critical factor for a successful implementation of insect pest management program. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to compare the intensity of insect infestations among the selected three cucurbit crops (Cucumber, Egusi melon and Watermelon). The experiment was set up at Teaching and Research Farm Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Significant difference was observed in the tested crops in respect to insect population density on leaf, flower and fruit. Among the tested crops, watermelon was observed to be the most susceptible to the observed insects meanwhile the cucumber had the least insect infestation rate 0.00 at P <0.05. Also the insect infestation was low as the maturity of the leaves increased. The population density of flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae) and spotted beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) were observed to be relatively higher at vegetative stage and decreased at flowering stages while Dacus cucurbitae caused significant economic damage during the fruiting stage to watermelon, melon and cucumber fruits (33.3, 20.0 and 1.0) respectively. This research work demonstrated that control of insect pests should be initiated at each growing stage of the selected crops.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, variation occurs in levels of insect infestation within and among plants of the same family which can be attributed to many mechanisms, such as differences in host nutritional, quality, suitability of the physical environment and abundance of competitor consumers or natural enemies (Clancy et al, 1988;Oyetunji et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of insect pests population densities of three selected cucurbit crops

Olaitan¹,

Abiodun²,

Foluke³

et al. 2017

Acta fytotechn zootechn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The adverse effect of antibiosis may be mild or cause death, including larval mortality, disturbance of the life cycle and the reduction in fecundity and fertility of the insect. Oyetunji [18] concluded that antibiosis is the main source of resistance in rice against the rice gall midge.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Plant Defense Against Insect Herbivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Allelochemicals as Sources of Insecticides

Gajger

Dar

2021

Insects

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In this review, we describe the role of plant-derived biochemicals that are toxic to insect pests. Biotic stress in plants caused by insect pests is one of the most significant problems, leading to yield losses. Synthetic pesticides still play a significant role in crop protection. However, the environmental side effects and health issues caused by the overuse or inappropriate application of synthetic pesticides forced authorities to ban some problematic ones. Consequently, there is a strong necessity for novel and alternative insect pest control methods. An interesting source of ecological pesticides are biocidal compounds, naturally occurring in plants as allelochemicals (secondary metabolites), helping plants to resist, tolerate or compensate the stress caused by insect pests. The abovementioned bioactive natural products are the first line of defense in plants against insect herbivores. The large group of secondary plant metabolites, including alkaloids, saponins, phenols and terpenes, are the most promising compounds in the management of insect pests. Secondary metabolites offer sustainable pest control, therefore we can conclude that certain plant species provide numerous promising possibilities for discovering novel and ecologically friendly methods for the control of numerous insect pests.

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“…This resistance may be caused by physical plant factors like color and shape of leaves (Laamari et al, 2008). Some authors have suggested that aphids tend to be more attracted to large leaves than to narrow leaves (Oyetunji et al, 2014). Searches for cultivars with particular characteristics in terms of leaf color and shape might lead to the obtaining of new cultivars displaying resistance by antixenosis.…”

Section: Infested Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance in alfalfa to Aphis craccivora Koch

Descamps

Sanchez-Chopa

Bizet-Turovsky

2015

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Aphididae), is considered to be one of the major pests in the semiarid Pampas of Argentina and in other alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growing areas of the world. In the present study the antibiotic, antixenotic, and tolerance resistance of eight alfalfa cultivars to A. craccivora, were investigated under laboratory conditions at 24 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 10% relative humidity, and 14:10 h photoperiod. Antibiosis experiments showed significant differences in the developmental time and adult longevity of the cowpea aphid among the alfalfa cultivars. Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) for apterous aphids varied significantly with alfalfa cultivars on which aphids were reared. This value ranged from 0.04 to 0.16 females female -1 d -1 , which was the lowest on 'Medina'. Additionally, the estimated net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) for apterous aphids were the lowest on 'Medina'. For the antixenosis experiment significant difference was found in aphid's preference to the alfalfa cultivars. 'Carmina' and 'Victoria' were the least preferred by the apterous aphids. For the tolerance experiment 'Carmina', 'Monarca', 'SPS6550' and 'Victoria' were more tolerant than the other cultivars to A. craccivora. Therefore, our results demonstrated that among the investigated cultivars 'Medina' displayed antibiosis to A. craccivora, 'Carmina' and 'Victoria' expressed antixenosis and tolerance, and 'Monarca' and 'SPS6550' were tolerant to this aphid pest.

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Antixenotic and Antibiotic Mechanisms of Resistance to African Rice Gall Midge in Nigeria

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Comparative assessment of insect pests population densities of three selected cucurbit crops

Comparative assessment of insect pests population densities of three selected cucurbit crops

Plant Allelochemicals as Sources of Insecticides

Resistance in alfalfa to Aphis craccivora Koch

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