Antiviral properties of whey proteins and their activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Gallo, Valentina; Giansanti, Francesco; Arienzo, Alyexandra; Antonini, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2022.104932

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…In perspectives, as highlighted above ( 2 – 8 ), there is a huge opportunity to use the passive immunization property of immunized cow milk in humans. For this, there is a need for determining the optimal pasteurization conditions of immune milk to keep its biologically active neutralization against SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, Arenas et al ( 6 ) proposed the use of heterologous passive immunity, using Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) immune milk as an immunostimulant therapy to control SARS-CoV-2 infection, because vaccination of farm animals is well-known and has been described in the literature to protect animals from viruses, including BCoV ( 7 ). Gallo et al ( 8 ) reviewed the antiviral properties of native and chemically modified whey proteins and their potential applications in human health, focusing on their application in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Milk of Cow and Goat, Immunized by Recombinant Protein Vaccine ZF-UZ-VAC2001(Zifivax), Contains Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 and Remains Active After Standard Milk Pasteurization

Garib

Katsamaki²,

Turdikulova³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Here, we present the first experimental validation of the possibility for obtaining immune milk with neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from vaccinated cows and goat using approved recombinant protein human coronavirus vaccine, ZF-UZ-VAC2001, in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the period of 2 weeks after first vaccination, we detected the neutralizing antibodies against coronavirus in the blood serum of vaccinated animals. The neutralizing activity, in its peak on the 21st day after receiving the third dose (77th day from first dose), was effective in neutralization test using a live SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells, even after 120-fold serum titration. In cows receiving three dose of human vaccine, the MAGLUMI® SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay revealed that colostrum of the first day after calving had a greater activity to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 compared to colostrum of subsequent three days (4.080 μg/ml vs 2.106, 1.960 and 1.126 μg/ml). In comparison, the neutralizing activity for goat and cow milk was 1.486 μg/ml and 0.222 μg/ml, respectively. We observed a positive correlation of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG antibodies between the serum of actively immunized cow and milk-feeding calf during the entire course of vaccination (r = 0.95, p = 0.05). We showed an optimal regime for immune milk pasteurization at 62.5°C for 30 min, which retained specific neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2, potentially useful for passive immunization against coronavirus infection threats as an additive approach to the vaccination. This strategy, as a supportive approach to the vaccination, could also be applicable for directly reducing the effect of COVID-19 infection in gastrointestinal tract, supporting mucosal immunity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk of Cow and Goat, Immunized by Recombinant Protein Vaccine ZF-UZ-VAC2001(Zifivax), Contains Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 and Remains Active After Standard Milk Pasteurization

Garib

Katsamaki²,

Turdikulova³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…Casein (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and kappa-casein) can increase mucin secretion to increase mucosal immunity, improving gut microbiota and decreasing inflammation [149]. Whey proteins include alphalactalbumin, immunoglobulins and serum albumin as well as minor fractions lactoferrin, glycomacropeptide, lactoperoxidase and lysozyme [150]. Whey proteins have bifidogenic effect [151] and direct effect on SARS-CoV-2 viral infections by interfering the binding of the virus to the host cells [150].…”

Section: Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19 Infections and Its Modulation to Improve Clinical Outcomes

Chen¹,

Vitetta²

2022

Front. Biosci. (Schol Ed)

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The main entry point of SARS-CoV-2 is the respiratory tract and as such immune defence in this site determines if the virus will spillover to the systemic circulation and circulate and infect other major organs. The first line of mucosal immune defence is composed of mucins, an epithelial barrier, and immune cells in the nasal cavity. The lung immune defence is carried out by numerous alveoli. The lung microbiota is a key factor in determining the efficacy of lung mucosal immunity protection. The intestinal microbiota has been demonstrated to affect the severity of COVID-19. Gut dysbiosis is involved in hyperinflammation and multiple organ failure through communications with multiple organs. The gut lung axis could be the earliest axis affected in COVID-19. Through the gut-lung axis, gut dysbiosis can affect the pathogenesis of the lung in COVID-19. In this review, we summarise the effects that gut dysbiosis can progress on the lung, and the lung microbiota. The possible mechanisms and approaches for modulation are discussed.

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“…In perspectives, as highlighted above [2][3][4][5][6], there is a huge opportunity to use the passive immunization property of immunized cow milk in humans. For this, there is a need for determining the optimal pasteurization conditions of immune milk to keep its biologically active neutralization against SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Zf-uz-vac2001 Has Shown Its Effectiveness Against the Diverg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, Arenas et al [4] proposed to use of heterologous passive immunity using Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) immune milk as an immunostimulant therapy to control SARS-CoV-2 infection because vaccination of farm animals is a well-known and has been described in the literature to protect animals from diseases, including BCoV [5]. Gallo et al [6] reviewed the antiviral properties of native and chemically modified whey proteins and their potential applications in human health, focusing on their application in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk of cow and goat, immunized by recombinant protein vaccine ZF-UZ-VAC2001(Zifivax), contains neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and remains active after standard milk pasteurization

Garib

Katsamaki²,

Turdikulova³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Here we report the first experimental validation of the possibility for obtaining immune milk with neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from vaccinated cow and goat using recombinant protein human vaccine, ZF-UZ-VAC2001. In the period of two weeks after first vaccination, we detected the neutralizing antibodies against coronavirus in the blood serum of vaccinated animals. The neutralizing activity, in its peak on the 21st days after receiving the third dose (77th day from first dose), was effective in Neutralization Test using a live SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells, even after 120-fold serum titration. Colostrum of the first day after 3rd dose vaccinated cow after calving had a greater activity to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 compared to colostrum of subsequent three days (4.080 µg/ml vs 2.106, 1.960 and 1.126 µg/ml), goat milk (1,486 µg/ml), and cow milk (0.222 µg/ml) in MAGLUMI® SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. We observed a positive correlation of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG antibodies between the serum of actively immunized cow and milk-feeding calf during the entire course of vaccination (r = 0.95, p = 0.027). We showed an optimal regime for immune milk pasteurization at 62.5°C for 30 min, which retained specific neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2, potentially useful for passive immunization against coronavirus infection threats.

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Antiviral properties of whey proteins and their activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 23 publications

References 133 publications

Milk of Cow and Goat, Immunized by Recombinant Protein Vaccine ZF-UZ-VAC2001(Zifivax), Contains Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 and Remains Active After Standard Milk Pasteurization

Milk of Cow and Goat, Immunized by Recombinant Protein Vaccine ZF-UZ-VAC2001(Zifivax), Contains Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 and Remains Active After Standard Milk Pasteurization

The Role of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19 Infections and Its Modulation to Improve Clinical Outcomes

Milk of cow and goat, immunized by recombinant protein vaccine ZF-UZ-VAC2001(Zifivax), contains neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and remains active after standard milk pasteurization

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