Antiviral properties of a mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata Blume, against human immunodeficiency virus

Premanathan, Mariappan; Arakaki, Rieko; Hayashi, Izumi; Kathiresan, K.; Nakano, Masanori; Yamamoto, Naoki; Nakashima, Hideki

doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(99)00058-3

Cited by 99 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The acid polysaccharide RAP had a molecular weight of more than 30 000 and was mainly composed of galactose, galactosamine and uronic acid. Its antiviral activity may be attributed to its carboxylated (polyanionic) character (Premanathan et al, 1999a). A similar anti-HIV polysaccharide extracted from the bark of Rhizophora mucronata has also been characterized by Premanathan et al (1999b).…”

Section: Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally derived anti‐HIV agents

Asres

Seyoum

Veeresham

et al. 2005

Phytotherapy Research

148

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The urgent need for new anti-HIV/AIDS drugs is a global concern. In addition to obvious economical and commercial hurdles, HIV/AIDS patients are faced with multifarious difficulties associated with the currently approved anti-HIV drugs. Adverse effects, the emergence of drug resistance and the narrow spectrum of activity have limited the therapeutic usefulness of the various reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors that are currently available on the market. This has driven many scientists to look for new anti-retrovirals with better efficacy, safety and affordability. As has always been the case in the search for cures, natural sources offer great promise. Several natural products, mostly of plant origin have been shown to possess promising activities that could assist in the prevention and/or amelioration of the disease. Many of these anti-HIV agents have other medicinal values as well, which afford them further prospective as novel leads for the development of new drugs that can deal with both the virus and the various disorders that characterize HIV/AIDS. The aim of this review is to report new discoveries and updates pertaining to anti-HIV natural products. In the review anti-HIV agents have been classified according to their chemical classes rather than their target in the HIV replicative cycle, which is the most frequently encountered approach. Perusal of the literature revealed that most of these promising naturally derived anti-HIV compounds are flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, polysaccharides or proteins. It is our strong conviction that the results and experiences with many of the anti-HIV natural products will inspire and motivate even more researchers to look for new leads from plants and other natural sources.

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Section: Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally derived anti‐HIV agents

Asres

Seyoum

Veeresham

et al. 2005

Phytotherapy Research

148

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“…Although some medicinal use of true mangrove species has been documented [2,4,60], no such medicinal use was reported in the present survey (there were however a few examples of medicinal uses for mangrove associate…”

Section: Ethnobotany and Fisheriesmentioning

confidence: 54%

Intense Habitat-Specific Fisheries-Induced Selection at the Molecular Pan I: Locus Predicts Imminent Collapse of a Major Cod Fishery

2016

Fisheries Management and Conservation

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Mangrove forests, though essentially common and wide-spread, are highly threatened. Local societies along with their knowledge about the mangrove also are endangered, while they are still underrepresented as scientific research topics. With the present study we document local utilization patterns, and perception of ecosystem change. We illustrate how information generated by ethnobiological research can be used to strengthen the management of the ecosystem. This study was conducted in the Godavari mangrove forest located in the East-Godavari District of the state Andhra Pradesh in India, where mangroves have been degrading due to over-exploitation, extensive development of aquaculture, and pollution from rural and urbanized areas (Kakinada).One hundred interviews were carried out among the fisherfolk population present in two mangrove zones in the study area, a wildlife sanctuary with strong conservation status and an adjacent zone. Results from the interviews indicated that Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., a dominant species in the Godavari mangroves, is used most frequently as firewood and for construction. Multiple products of the mangrove included the bark of Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou to dye the fishing nets and improve their durability, the bark of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco to poison and catch fish, and the leaves of Avicennia spp. and Excoecaria agallocha L. as fodder for cattle. No medicinal uses of true mangrove species were reported, but there were a few traditional uses for mangrove associates. Utilization patterns varied in the two zones that we investigated, most likely due to differences in their ecology and legal status. The findings are discussed in relation with the demographic and socio-economic traits of the fisherfolk communities of the Godavari mangroves and indicate a clear dependency of their livelihood on the mangrove forest.Reported changes in the Godavari mangrove cover also differed in the two zones, with significantly less perceptions of a decrease in the protected area, as compared to the adjacent non-protected area. A posteriori comparisons between sequential satellite imagery (retrospective till 1977) and respondents that were at least 15 years back then, revealed a mangrove decrease which was however perceived to different extents depending on the area with which the fishermen were familiar. While local needs had not been incorporated in the existing policy, we created a framework on how data on ethnobotanical traditions, fishery-related activities and local people's perceptions of change can be incorporated into management strategies.

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“…Algumas das interferências observadas são modestas e, portanto, tem pequena expressividade, como o uso de plantas medicinais, uma prática comum na região, que também é comum em outras partes do mundo (PREMANATHAN et al, 1999); mas outras, claramente trazem sérias implicações ao ecossistema, a exemplo dos esgotos domésticos e do lixo, que além de provocarem alterações na paisagem, criam odores e introduzem substâncias tóxicas no ambiente, que em última escala trazem riscos para a saúde pública.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Os estuários do nordeste do Brasil e o desenvolvimento sustentável: usos múltiplos e impactos do rio Timbó, como um estudo de caso.

Cabral¹,

Sassi²,

Costa³

2005

TropOcean

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Recebido: 19/09/05Aceito: 30/09/05 RESUMO Fortes competições entre o poder econômico e os usos tradicionais dos recursos e do espaço estuarino no Nordeste do Brasil normalmente promovem grandes impactos e resultam em contrastes sociais e conflitos. Neste trabalho nós inventariamos os diferentes tipos de impactos antropogênicos no estuário do rio Timbó, Estado de Pernambuco, usando um modelo de "checklist" para áreas estuarinas. Foram encontradas grandes diferenças entre as duas margens do estuário quanto aos impactos inventariados. Modificações na paisagem (perdas estéticas) invasões, coletas de moluscos e crustáceos, cortes da vegetação de mangue, navegação, plantações extensivas de coco nas proximidades do estuário, agricultura, e trapiches foram os mais importantes. As melhores localidades (índices de qualidade ambiental superiores a 0,70) foram encontradas somente em comunidades tradicionais. A priorização por Pareto mostrou 15 tipos de interferências respondendo por 80% dos problemas na área. Implicações ecológicas e sociais desses usos conflitantes e impactos são discutidas e medidas de remediação sugeridas. Palavras chaves: Manejo estuarino, conflitos de uso, comunidades tradicionais, relação sociedadenatureza, Nordeste do Brasil. ABSTRACT ESTUARINE USES AND IMPACTS IN NORTHEASTERN BRASIL AND THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. THE RIVER TIMBÓ ESTUARY AS A CASE STUDY, STATE OF PERNAMBUCO.Strong competitions between the economic power and the traditional uses of estuarine resources and spaces in the Northeast of Brazil usually promote greater impacts and results in social contrasts and conflicts. In this paper we inventoried the different kinds of anthropogenic impacts in the River Timbó estuary, State of Pernambuco, using a check-list model for estuarine areas. Greater differences were found between the western and eastern margins regarding the environmental impacts. Landscape changes (aesthetic losses), invasions, catches of mussels and crabs, mangrove Tropical Oceanography, Recife, v. 33, n. 2, p. 199-206, 2005.

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Antiviral properties of a mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata Blume, against human immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 99 publications

References 24 publications

Naturally derived anti‐HIV agents

Naturally derived anti‐HIV agents

Intense Habitat-Specific Fisheries-Induced Selection at the Molecular Pan I: Locus Predicts Imminent Collapse of a Major Cod Fishery

Os estuários do nordeste do Brasil e o desenvolvimento sustentável: usos múltiplos e impactos do rio Timbó, como um estudo de caso.

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