Antiviral and immune stimulant activities of glycyrrhizin against duck hepatitis virus

Soufy, Hamdy; Yassein, Safaa; Ahmed, A. Razzaque; Khodier, Mohamed; Kutkat, M. A.; Nasr, Soad M.; Okda, Faten A.

doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v9i3.14

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Glycyrrhizin, which is an extract of licorice root, is a triterpenoid saponin glycoside used as a natural sweetener and it has been described with potential immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, hepato-and neuro-protective, and antineoplastic activities [23][24][25][26]. Previous studies have shown that glycyrrhizin suppresses HMGB1 expressions and mitogenic activities, and impedes its DNA-binding function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Signaling in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

Thakur¹,

Sadanandan²,

Chattopadhyay³

2020

IJMS

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Diabetes is a global epidemic and more than 50% diabetic patients are also diagnosed with neuropathy, which greatly affects the quality of life of the patients. Available treatments are not always successful due to the limited efficacy and complications, such as addiction and dependency. Studies have implicated that high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) protein plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation and the development of neuropathic conditions. HMGB1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that can be released from necrotic cells in passive form or in response to inflammatory signals as an active form. HMGB1 is the ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and toll-like receptors, (TLR)-2 and TLR4, which also indirectly activates C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). We investigated whether blocking of HMGB1 can reduce pain and inflammation in diabetic neuropathic animals to further understand the role of HMGB1 in diabetic neuropathy. Type 2 diabetic rats and mice were treated with natural inhibitor of HMGB1, glycyrrhizin (GLC) for five days/week for four weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day by intraperitoneal injection. The animals were divided into three categories: naïve control, diabetic alone, diabetic with GLC treatment. All of the behavioral analyses were conducted before and after the treatment. The expression of inflammatory markers and changes in histone acetylation in the peripheral nervous system were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis after the completion of the treatment. Our study revealed that TLR4, HMGB1, CXCR4, and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) levels were increased in the spinal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons of Type 2 diabetic mice and rats with painful neuropathy. GLC treatment inhibited the increases in TLR4, NLRP3, and CXCR4 expressions and improved the mechanical and thermal pain threshold in these animals. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that hyperglycemia mediated inflammation influenced HMGB1 acetylation and its release from the neurons. It also altered histone 3 acetylation in the microglial cells. The inhibition of HMGB1 by GLC prevented the release of HMGB1 as well as H3K9 acetylation. These findings indicate that the interruption of HMGB1 mediated inflammation could ameliorate diabetic neuropathy and might exhibit a unique target for the treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Signaling in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

Thakur¹,

Sadanandan²,

Chattopadhyay³

2020

IJMS

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“…These results were in agreement with Latimer and Bienzle [30] and Mahdy [1] who reported that leukopenia may be due to some viral infections or live vaccine. Leukopenia was less significant in treated group (2) and treated and vaccinated group (4) which may be due to the immunostimulant effect of GL [9, 31]. The observed lymphocytosis with monocytosis in treated group (2) and treated and vaccinated group (4) may be due to the antigenic stimulation of GL through its stimulation to the mononuclear cells [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed lymphocytosis with monocytosis in treated group (2) and treated and vaccinated group (4) may be due to the antigenic stimulation of GL through its stimulation to the mononuclear cells [32]. Moreover, lymphocytosis in ducklings may be secondary to antigenic stimulation by the virus [9], and also monocytosis may be observed in association with antigenic agent (infection) as it has phagocytic function [33]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GL enhances the production of antibodies through the production of interleukin- 1 (IL-1), IL-2, and IL-12 [8]. Soufy et al [9] recorded that GL possesses a good immunostimulant and synergistic effect to DVH vaccine through activation of T lymphocyte proliferation. GL with vaccine enhances higher antibody titer against DHV than vaccine alone and high immunity protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some Haematological and Biochemical Investigations on Duck Virus Hepatitis following Administration of Glycyrrhizin

et al. 2013

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The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of glycyrrhizin (locally isolated and purified from licorice root) against duck hepatitis virus through the assessment of some hematological and biochemical parameters. One hundred and sixty white Pekin ducklings—one day old—were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group (1) was kept as normal control. Group (2) was inoculated I/P with 10 mg glycyrrhizin/kg BW, three times per week for four weeks. Group (3) was inoculated I/M with 0.5 ml of live attenuated DHV vaccine. Group (4) was inoculated with both glycyrrhizin (10 mg/kg BW I/P, three times per week for four weeks) and live attenuated DHV vaccine (0.5 ml, I/M). Then, all groups of treatment were challenged using virulent DHV except for 20 ducklings from the normal control group which were continued to be kept as negative control. The results revealed that duck hepatitis virus (DHV) caused macrocytic hypochromic anemia, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and marked elevation of liver enzymes and renal parameters. In conclusion, glycyrrhizin injected alone or in combination with DHV vaccine protected or ameliorated the deteriorating effects induced by DHV vaccine and/or duck hepatitis virus infection by improvement of erythrogram and leukogram, as well as liver and kidney functions.

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“…Nevertheless, Cinatl et al () reported that these active principles are less effective if added during the adsorption period than after virus adsorption. On the other hand, Soufy et al () found that glycyrrhizin has excellent immunostimulant properties and induces a synergistic effect with duck hepatitis virus (DHV) vaccine by activating T lymphocyte proliferation. Thus, the treatment with glycyrrhizin alone or in combination with DHV vaccine could lead to an immune stimulation and antiviral effect against DHV (Soufy et al, ).…”

Section: Pharmacological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review

Pastorino

Cornara

Soares

et al. 2018

Phytotherapy Research

456

332

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In the last years, consumers are paying much more attention to natural medicines and principles, mainly due to the general sense that natural compounds are safe. On the other hand, there is a growing demand by industry for plants used in traditional medicine that could be incorporated in foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, or even pharmaceuticals. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. belongs to the Fabaceae family and has been recognized since ancient times for its ethnopharmacological values. This plant contains different phytocompounds, such as glycyrrhizin, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, glabrin A and B, and isoflavones, that have demonstrated various pharmacological activities. Pharmacological experiments have demonstrated that different extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibit a broad range of biological properties, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. A few toxicological studies have reported some concerns. This review addresses all those issues and focuses on the pharmacological activities reported for G. glabra. Therefore, an updated, critical, and extensive overview on the current knowledge of G. glabra composition and biological activities is provided here in order to explore its therapeutic potential and future challenges to be utilized for the formulation of new products that will contribute to human well-being.

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Antiviral and immune stimulant activities of glycyrrhizin against duck hepatitis virus

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Signaling in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Signaling in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

Some Haematological and Biochemical Investigations on Duck Virus Hepatitis following Administration of Glycyrrhizin

Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review

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