Some Haematological and Biochemical Investigations on Duck Virus Hepatitis following Administration of Glycyrrhizin

Okda, Faten A.; Yassein, Safaa; Ahmed, A. Razzaque; Soufy, Hamdy; Nasr, Soad M.

doi:10.1155/2013/849412

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In natural infection, young ducklings of 6 wk of age and younger present with lethargy, ataxia, opisthotonos, and a very rapid death, often taking as little as 1-2 hr (104). Owing to the high morbidity within a flock, up to 100%, the vast majority of ducklings will be affected with flock mortality of 95%-100% occurring within 3-4 days, but older birds are not affected (106). At necropsy, the liver is typically enlarged with petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages throughout (Fig.…”

Section: Duck Hepatitis B Virus (Dhbv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis Virus Infections in Poultry

et al. 2016

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Viral hepatitis in poultry is a complex disease syndrome caused by several viruses belonging to different families including avian hepatitis E virus (HEV), duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV-1, -2, -3), duck hepatitis virus Types 2 and 3, fowl adenoviruses (FAdV), and turkey hepatitis virus (THV). While these hepatitis viruses share the same target organ, the liver, they each possess unique clinical and biological features. In this article, we aim to review the common and unique features of major poultry hepatitis viruses in an effort to identify the knowledge gaps and aid the prevention and control of poultry viral hepatitis. Avian HEV is an Orthohepevirus B in the family Hepeviridae that naturally infects chickens and consists of three distinct genotypes worldwide. Avian HEV is associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome or big liver and spleen disease in chickens, although the majority of the infected birds are subclinical. Avihepadnaviruses in the family of Hepadnaviridae have been isolated from ducks, snow geese, white storks, grey herons, cranes, and parrots. DHBV evolved with the host as a noncytopathic form without clinical signs and rarely progressed to chronicity. The outcome for DHBV infection varies by the host's ability to elicit an immune response and is dose and age dependent in ducks, thus mimicking the pathogenesis of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and providing an excellent animal model for human HBV. DHAV is a picornavirus that causes a highly contagious virus infection in ducks with up to 100% flock mortality in ducklings under 6 wk of age, while older birds remain unaffected. The high morbidity and mortality has an economic impact on intensive duck production farming. Duck hepatitis virus Types 2 and 3 are astroviruses in the family of Astroviridae with similarity phylogenetically to turkey astroviruses, implicating the potential for cross-species infections between strains. Duck astrovirus (DAstV) causes acute, fatal infections in ducklings with a rapid decline within 1-2 hr and clinical and pathologic signs virtually indistinguishable from DHAV. DAstV-1 has only been recognized in the United Kingdom and recently in China, while DAstV-2 has been reported in ducks in the United States. FAdV, the causative agent of inclusion body hepatitis, is a Group I avian adenovirus in the genus Aviadenovirus. The affected birds have a swollen, friable, and discolored liver, sometimes with necrotic or hemorrhagic foci. Histologic lesions include multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes and acute hepatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nuclei of the hepatocytes. THV is a picornavirus that is likely the causative agent of turkey viral hepatitis. Currently there are more questions than answers about THV, and the pathogenesis and clinical impacts remain largely unknown. Future research in viral hepatic diseases of poultry is warranted to develop specific diagnostic assays, identify suitable cell culture systems for virus propagation, and develop effective vaccines.

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Section: Duck Hepatitis B Virus (Dhbv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis Virus Infections in Poultry

et al. 2016

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“…In Egypt, the first record of DHV was reported in the late 1960s ( 10 ). After then, several studies have discussed the prevalence and epidemiological situation of DHV in Egypt ( 11 – 15 ). Recently, genetic analysis and molecular characterization of Egyptian DHAV-1 isolates have been described based on VP1 gene sequencing ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pathogenicity of Duck Hepatitis A Virus-1 Isolates in Experimentally Infected Pekin and Muscovy Ducklings

Hisham¹,

Ellakany

Selim³

et al. 2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Glycyrrhizin is the predominant active component that is extracted from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects ( 8 ). Furthermore, glycyrrhizin has been reported to attenuate I/R-induced gut, spinal cord, liver and heart damage ( 9 – 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycyrrhizin protects mice against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation by downregulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling

Zhu

Ming

et al. 2014

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) often leads to acute kidney injury, chronic renal failure and kidney transplantation failure. Glycyrrhizin is extracted from Glycyrrhiza glabra roots and is the predominant active component, which exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of glycyrrhizin on I/R-induced renal injury has not been investigated. In the present study, glycyrrhizin was demonstrated to attenuate renal I/R injury in mice via administration of glycyrrhizin, which suppressed the serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen 6 h following reperfusion; furthermore, the superoxide anions as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase within renal tissues was reduced by glycyrrhizin pretreatment. Moreover, the protein level of cleaved caspase-3, as well as its activity in renal tissue, was suppressed as a result of the glycyrrhizin pretreatment, indicating that glycyrrhizin inhibits I/R-induced renal cell apoptosis. In addition, glycyrrhizin pretreatment appeared to ameliorate I/R-induced renal injury via inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. The underlying molecular mechanism was investigated and it was shown that the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was downregulated as a result of glycyrrhizin administration. In conclusion, the present study indicated that glycyrrhizin provided significant protection against I/R-induced renal injury in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses and renal cell apoptosis. Therefore, glycyrrhizin may be used in abdominal surgery and kidney transplantation for the prevention of renal I/R damage.

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Some Haematological and Biochemical Investigations on Duck Virus Hepatitis following Administration of Glycyrrhizin

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Hepatitis Virus Infections in Poultry

Hepatitis Virus Infections in Poultry

Comparative Pathogenicity of Duck Hepatitis A Virus-1 Isolates in Experimentally Infected Pekin and Muscovy Ducklings

Glycyrrhizin protects mice against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation by downregulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling

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