Antiviral and Antibacterial Polyurethanes of Various Modalities

Abstract

We have prepared and characterized a new polyurethane-based antimicrobial material, N,N-dodecyl,methyl-polyurethane (Quat-12-PU). It exhibits strong antiviral and antibacterial activities when coated (as an organic solution or an aqueous nanosuspension) onto surfaces and antibacterial activity when electrospun into nanofibers. Quat-12-PU surfaces are able to kill airborne Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria, as well as inactivate the enveloped influenza virus (but not the non-enveloped poliovirus).

Preparation and characterization of antimicrobial electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers containing benzyl triethylammonium chloride

“…The bacteriophage reduction ratio in the BTEAC-PVA nanofibers increased with increasing contact time. Previous studies have reported that the removal of enveloped virus by QACs was greater than that of unenveloped virus [69,70], presumably due to the higher affinity of enveloped virus to QAC-treated surfaces through hydrophobic interactions [71]. QACs can disrupt the viral envelope, which is a lipid layer around the nucleocapsid (nucleic acid + capsid), resulting in the release of the nucleocapsid [71].…”

Star‐Shaped Poly(styrene)‐block‐Poly(4‐vinyl‐N‐methylpyridiniumiodide) for Semipermanent Antimicrobial Coatings

“…So far, antimicrobial polymers are usually designed to act in aqueous solutions in form of linear, hyperbranched, dendritic, or star‐like polymers . Alternatively, they are rendered water‐insoluble to achieve permanent coatings . Here, we aimed toward polymers that are stable in aqueous solution, but form water‐insoluble, antimicrobial coatings (Figure ).…”

Environmental Cleaning and Disinfection

“…44 The likelihood of resistance development should always be considered when choosing products, particularly because some items, such as the mats mentioned earlier, are expensive. Antimicrobial surface coatings based on nanoparticles are under development for both biomedical devices and environmental surfaces 57,58 and may have the advantage over microbicidal coatings based on metals or agents, such as triclosan, because they have prolonged activity, and some seem unlikely to be associated with the development of microbial resistance. 57 Steam disinfection systems offer an alternative to liquid chemical disinfectants and can kill a diverse group of pathogenic organisms in seconds, but they are not suitable for all surfaces and introduce additional safety considerations.…”