Antitumor effect of proanthocyanidin induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells and its molecular docking studies

Abstract

Proanthocyanidin (PAC) is a promising compound that has displayed its potent antineoplastic properties with a specific intrinsic pathway. This precise us to explore the phyto-preventive effect of PAC against colon cancer (HT-29). The results showed that PAC inhibited the cell growth and GI 50 value was found to be 6.25 μM for 24 h exposure, when correlated to the normal cell line does not have toxicity was noticed. The linguistic differences, similarly membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage fragmented nuclear bodies and mitochondrial membrane were observed in AO/EtBr and DAPI staining. The features of regular mechanical apoptotic characterization was analyzed by DNA fragmentation. The cell cycle arrest at G2/M phases was detected using FACS analysis. The early and late apoptotic cells were observed by using Annexin V/PI staining. The ligand–protein interaction and docking studies were performed using Schrodinger’s software. The QPLD analysis of docking studies revealed that PAC exhibited better binding affinity of − 5.23, − 5.17 and − 4.43, − 4.47 kcal/mol against BCL-XL, CDK2 and were compared with 5-FU respectively, which significantly reveals the anticancerous activity of Proanthocyanidin compound. Thus, the PAC compound provides future application of therapeutic option in the treatment of colon cancers .

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits DNA and protein damage and labile iron, enzyme, and cancer cell activities

“…These results show that VGSE stimulated cell cycle arrest of treated cells in the sub-G1 phase and the S phase as compared with control (untreated) cells, triggering apoptotic mechanisms in a dose-dependent manner. In agreement with our results, recent studies have revealed that grape seed extract arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase in HepG-2 cells 51 , 54 and colorectal cancer cells 55 . Furthermore, several studies have shown that grape seed extracts induce cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and modulate key cell cycle-related genes 52 , 56 .…”

P53-Related Anticancer Activities of Drimia calcarata Bulb Extracts Against Lung Cancer

“…In the p53 -mutant H1573 ( Figures 4E,F ) and p53 -mutant H1437 ( Figures 5E,F ) AO/EB staining revealed similar stained cells (green), reduction in cancer cell number and also feature of apoptosis like cell shrinkage and nuclei fragmentation were observed following treatment with ME and WE. For preliminary confirmation of apoptotic/necrotic cell death, AO/EB staining has been used in several studies ( Rajavel et al, 2017 ; Suganya et al, 2019 ; Khan et al, 2021 ). This results provide morphological proof that the Drimia calcarata extracts induce apoptosis and inhibit cell growth of NSCLC cell lines.…”

Phytochemicals from Ajwa dates pulp extract induce apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway and modulating Bcl-2 family proteins

“…The preliminary assays such as nuclear condensation assay, AO/EtBr assay and DNA fragmentation assay are the initial confirmation of apoptotic/necrotic cell death. Many previous studies have tested these preliminary assays to validate the induction of cell death via apoptosis or necrosis [23][24][25] . Therefore, based on these preliminary tests, Annexin V-FITC& PI double staining assay was carried out to quantify the percent of early and late apoptosis and necrotic cells.…”