Antisocial and borderline personality disorder symptomatologies are associated with decreased prepulse inhibition: The importance of optimal experimental parameters

Franklin, Joseph C.; Heilbron, Nicole; Guerry, John D.; Bowker, Kelly B.; Blumenthal, Terry D.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.016

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Pre-pulse inhibition was reduced in ASPD or antisocial behavior (Kumari et al, 2005), and correlated with increased antisocial symptoms in healthy females (Franklin et al, 2009). Taken together, this suggests that more severe ASPD may relate to impaired pre-attentional filter mechanisms, potentially resulting in less inhibition of irrelevant information that might eventually affect higher-order mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential relationships of impulsivity or antisocial symptoms on P50, N100, or P200 auditory sensory gating in controls and antisocial personality disorder

Lijffijt

Cox

Michelle

et al. 2012

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Limited information is available on the relationship between antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and early filtering, or gating, of information, even though this could contribute to the repeatedly reported impairment in ASPD of higher-order information processing. In order to investigate early filtering in ASPD, we compared electrophysiological measures of auditory sensory gating assessed by the paired-click paradigm in males with ASPD (n = 37) to healthy controls (n = 28). Stimulus encoding was measured by P50, N100, and P200 auditory evoked potentials; auditory sensory gating (ASG) was measured by a reduction in amplitude of evoked potentials following click repetition. Effects were studied of co-existing past alcohol or drug use disorders, ASPD symptom counts, and trait impulsivity. Controls and ASPD did not differ in P50, N100, or P200 amplitude or ASG. Past alcohol or drug use disorders had no effect. In controls, impulsivity related to improved P50 and P200 gating. In ASPD, P50 or N100 gating was impaired with more symptoms or increased impulsivity, respectively, suggesting impaired early filtering of irrelevant information. In controls the relationship between P50 and P200 gating and impulsivity was reversed, suggesting better gating with higher impulsivity scores. This could reflect different roles of ASG in behavioral regulation in controls versus ASPD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential relationships of impulsivity or antisocial symptoms on P50, N100, or P200 auditory sensory gating in controls and antisocial personality disorder

Lijffijt

Cox

Michelle

et al. 2012

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…Although startle reactivity can be modified in a number of ways, it is important to distinguish between modification of startle reactivity and individual differences in that reactivity. Startle varies across individuals in some predictable ways, being more pronounced in people with certain personality characteristics (Blumenthal & Franklin, ; Franklin, Heilbron, Guerry, Bowker, & Blumenthal, ) or clinical conditions (Grillon & Baas, ; Swerdlow et al, ). Startle can also be affected by sensory acuity in perceptual systems, and may indicate differences in defensive reactivity (Bradford, Kaye, & Curtin, ).…”

Section: How To Modulate the Startle Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPI is also sensitive to task demands, as seen in some studies of directed attention (Filion, Dawson, & Schell, ), although attentional manipulation of PPI is not found with some methodologies (Hawk, Redford, & Baschnagel, ; Steele‐Laing & Hicks, ). PPI has also been applied to the study of individual differences, with differences in PPI being reported as a function of gender (Swerdlow et al, ), personality characteristics (Franklin, Heilbron et al, ), and clinical diagnosis (Grillon & Baas, ; Swerdlow et al, ).…”

Section: Prepulse Inhibition Of Startlementioning

confidence: 99%

Presidential Address 2014: The more‐or‐less interrupting effects of the startle response

Blumenthal

2015

Psychophysiology

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The startle response can be used to assess differences in a variety of ongoing processes across species, sensory modalities, ages, clinical conditions, and task conditions. Startle serves defensive functions, but it may also interrupt ongoing processes, allowing for a reorientation of resources to potential danger. A wealth of research suggests that prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) is an indicator of the protection of the processing of the prepulse from interruption by the startle response. However, protection against interruption by suppressing the startle response may extend to many other ongoing processes, including the higher processing of the startle stimulus itself. Proof of protection would require measuring ongoing processing, which has very rarely been reported. The idea that PPI represents the protection of the earliest stages of prepulse processing can be challenged, since those earliest stages are completed by the time the startle response occurs, so they are not threatened by interruption and need not be protected. The conception of low PPI as indicative of a "gating deficit" in schizophrenia should be made with caution, since low PPI is seen in some, but not all studies of schizophrenia, but also in a range of other disorders and conditions. Finally, startle is often used to probe ongoing processes, but the response also modifies those processes, interrupting some processes but perhaps facilitating others. A deeper understanding of the function of startle and PPI might improve the precision of application of these measures in the investigation of a range of research topics.

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“…PPI has been found to be deficient in nonclinical individuals who show antisocial or borderline personality disorder symptomology (Franklin et al, 2009b), nonsuicidal self-injury (Franklin et al, 2010), and autism spectrum symptomology (Perry et al, 2007). Using the affective modulation of startle paradigm, Hazlett et al (2007) found greater reactivity in the presence of unpleasant pictures in borderline personality disorder patients than controls.…”

Section: Nonclinical Individual Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Startle Reflex and Health

Blumenthal

2015

International Encyclopedia of the Social &Amp; Behavioral Sciences

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Antisocial and borderline personality disorder symptomatologies are associated with decreased prepulse inhibition: The importance of optimal experimental parameters

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Differential relationships of impulsivity or antisocial symptoms on P50, N100, or P200 auditory sensory gating in controls and antisocial personality disorder

Differential relationships of impulsivity or antisocial symptoms on P50, N100, or P200 auditory sensory gating in controls and antisocial personality disorder

Presidential Address 2014: The more‐or‐less interrupting effects of the startle response

Startle Reflex and Health

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