Antisepsis in Midwifery.

Colebrook, Leonard; Maxted, W. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1933.tb05690.x

Cited by 50 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…This strain apparently has many of the characteristics of the Ross strain, but the exact nature of the precipitation reactions and possible interrelationships of these two strains will await more detailed studies. Earlier studies have indicated the rarity with which beta-haemolytic streptococci may be recovered from cultures of normal skin (Colebrook & Maxted, 1933;Colebrook, Maxted & Johns, 1935;Williams & Miles, 1949). Indeed, the investigations by Colebrook & Maxted (1933) also showed that these organisms do not survive when artificially inoculated on the surface of human skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies have indicated the rarity with which beta-haemolytic streptococci may be recovered from cultures of normal skin (Colebrook & Maxted, 1933;Colebrook, Maxted & Johns, 1935;Williams & Miles, 1949). Indeed, the investigations by Colebrook & Maxted (1933) also showed that these organisms do not survive when artificially inoculated on the surface of human skin. The experimental work of Ricketts, Squire & Topley (1951) demonstrated that human skin lipids, in particular unsaturated fatty acids of sebum, are highly effective in killing beta-haemolytic streptococci both in vitro and in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of normal skin in the spread of streptococcal pyoderma

Dudding

Chapman

et al. 1970

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe primary body site of acquisition of group A streptococci was examined prospectively in a population with endemic streptococcal pyoderma. Weekly cultures were obtained during the skin infection season from apparently normal upper respiratory and cutaneous sites (and from skin lesions when present) in 44 children and adults living on the Red Lake Indian Reservation.During the 9-week period of the study 705 of a total of 2305 cultures were positive for group A streptococci. The percentage of positive cultures from the various sites were: throat (20 %); nose (24 %); wrist (32 %); ankle (35 %); back (22 %); and skin lesions (81 %). Group A streptococci were also isolated from fingernail dirt, clothing and bedding as well as from a few household pets and insects.Analysis of serial cultures obtained from the same individuals at weekly intervals suggested that the strains isolated from skin lesions first appeared on normal skin in the 2 weeks preceding the lesion. Spread to the nose and throat followed skin acquisition and/or skin lesions.The high prevalence of group A streptococci on normal skin in the absence as well as the presence of pyoderma, and their appearance on normal skin before recovery from either skin lesions or the upper respiratory tract are consistent with the view that skin acquisition was a primary predisposing factor to pyoderma. Since the literature indicates that group A streptococci are rarely part of the normal skin flora, these findings raise the possibility of unique biological properties of these and perhaps other pyoderma strains, as distinct from other group A streptococci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of normal skin in the spread of streptococcal pyoderma

Dudding

Chapman

et al. 1970

J. Hyg.

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“…8): 55). This report and the earlier ones from this laboratory (5,10,23) were based on observations at less frequent intervals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, it has been thought that beta hemolytic streptococci are only rarely included among the normal skin flora (22), and that these organisms do not survive when artificially inoculated on normal skin (23). In addition, in vitro studies have shown that unsaturated fatty acids extracted from normal human skin are bactericidal for streptococci (24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural history of impetigo

Ferrieri¹,

Dajani²,

Wannamaker³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

124

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“…The use of parachlorometaxylenol as an antiseptic was reported by Colebrook & Maxted (1933), who demonstrated that this agent was rapidly lethal to haemolytic streptococci and Escherichia coli even in the presence of pus. Since this time a number of conflicting reports have appeared concerning the efficacy of parachlorometaxylenol as an antiseptic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antibacterial activity of chloroxylenol in combination with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid

Dankert

Schut

1976

J. Hyg.

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SUMMLARYThe bactericidal activity of RBA 777 has been found to vary with both the cultural and environmental test conditions against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to a lesser extent against Staphylococcus aureus. These variations may explain certain anomalies in earlier work regarding the activity of chloroxylenol-based products. The addition of EDTA to RBA 777 has brought about an improvement in the performance against P. aeruginosa and this activity is confirmed in vivo. Previous reports have already illustrated this potential and the evaluations of the new antibacterial agent DA 136 confirms and extends these results to its performance under adverse conditions, often associated with the hospital environment.

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Antisepsis in Midwifery.

Cited by 50 publications

References 1 publication

The role of normal skin in the spread of streptococcal pyoderma

The role of normal skin in the spread of streptococcal pyoderma

Natural history of impetigo

The antibacterial activity of chloroxylenol in combination with ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid

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