Antiscorbutic activity of ascorbic acid phosphate in the rhesus monkey and the guinea pig

Machlin, L. J.; Garcia, F; Kuenzig, W.; Brin, Myron

doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.2.325

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…AA-2P has been shown to increase collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts, and it has an antiscorbutic activity in guinea pigs and monkeys, whereas AA-2S does not have either activity [22][23][24]. AA-2P but not AA-2S is appreciably cleaved by lysates of human dermal fibroblasts to release AA [22].…”

Section: Effects Of Other Stable Aa Derivatives and Antioxidants On Imentioning

confidence: 96%

Promotion of IL-4- and IL-5-dependent differentiation of anti-μ-primed B cells by ascorbic acid 2-glucoside

et al. 2009

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The stable ascorbic acid derivative 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) was used to investigate the role of ascorbic acid (AA) in B cell differentiation in vitro. AA-2G is stable in a solution unlike AA but is hydrolyzed by cellular alpha-glucosidase to release AA. Mouse spleen B cells were primed for 2 days with an anti-mu antibody in the presence of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 and then washed and recultured with AA-2G in the presence of IL-4 and IL-5. AA-2G, but not AA, dose-dependently increased IgM production, the greatest enhancement being 150% at concentrations of more than 0.5mM. In the absence of IL-4 and IL-5, primed B cells produced a negligible amount of IgM, and AA-2G had no effect. AA-2G-induced IgM production in the presence of IL-4 and IL-5 was inhibited by the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor castanospermine. Intracellular AA content, depleted during the priming period, increased by adding AA-2G at the start of reculture. Treatment of B cells with AA-2G resulted in an increase in the number of IgM-secreting cells, CD138-positive cells and CD45R/B220-negative cells. The number of viable cells in untreated cultures decreased gradually, but the decrease was significantly attenuated by AA-2G, resulting in about 70% more viable cells in AA-2G-treated cultures. AA-2G caused a slight but reproducible enhancement of DNA synthesis and a slight decrease in the number of cells with a sub-G1 DNA content. These results demonstrated that AA released from AA-2G enhanced cytokine-dependent IgM production in anti-mu-primed B cells and suggest that its effect is caused through promoting the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells and attenuating the gradual decrease in the number of viable cells.

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Section: Effects Of Other Stable Aa Derivatives and Antioxidants On Imentioning

confidence: 96%

Promotion of IL-4- and IL-5-dependent differentiation of anti-μ-primed B cells by ascorbic acid 2-glucoside

et al. 2009

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“…Of these 2-O-substituted AA derivatives, AA-2G, AA-2P, and L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate exhibit inherent biological activity such as antiscorbutic activity after their enzymatic hydrolysis to free AA in vivo. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] On the other hand, AA-2S and CV-3611 do not exert such activity because they cannot be enzymatically converted into AA. 19,20) In any event, AA derivatives themselves have been considered to have no activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Radical-Scavenging Reaction of 2-O-Substituted Ascorbic Acid Derivatives, AA-2G, AA-2P, and AA-2S: A Kinetic and Stoichiometric Study

Takebayashi

Tai

Gohda

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The aim of this study was to characterize the antioxidant activity of three ascorbic acid (AA) derivatives Osubstituted at the C-2 position of AA: ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA-2G), ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA-2P), and ascorbic acid 2-sulfate (AA-2S). The radical-scavenging activities of these AA derivatives and some common low molecular-weight antioxidants such as uric acid or glutathione against 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS˙؉), or galvinoxyl radical were kinetically and stoichiometrically evaluated under pH-controlled conditions. Those AA derivatives slowly and continuously reacted with DPPH radical and ABTS˙؉, but not with galvinoxyl radical. They effectively reacted with DPPH radical under acidic conditions and with ABTS˙؉ under neutral conditions. In contrast, AA immediately quenched all species of radicals tested at all pH values investigated. The reactivity of Trolox, a water-soluble vitamin E analogue, was comparable to that of AA in terms of kinetics and stoichiometrics. Uric acid and glutathione exhibited long-lasting radical-scavenging activity against these radicals under certain pH conditions. The radical-scavenging profiles of AA derivatives were closer to those of uric acid and glutathione rather than to that of AA. The number of radicals scavenged by one molecule of AA derivatives, uric acid, or glutathione was equal to or greater than that by AA or Trolox under the appropriate conditions. These data suggest the potential usage of AA derivatives as radical scavengers.

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“…We could not see hemorrhages in our experimental animals, although we looked for them. AA deficiency symptoms in rhesus monkeys, which were depleted for 70-105 days, were loss of body weight, ane mia, gum bleeding, palatinitis, diarrhea and inability to stand [10], and thus were compa rable to those in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascorbic Acid Requirement and Assessment of Ascorbate Status in the Common Marmoset <i>(Callithrix jacchus)</i>

Flurer¹,

Kern²,

Rambeck³

et al. 1987

Ann Nutr Metab

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Marmosets can tolerate an ascorbic acid (AA) deficiency for several weeks without clinical symptoms. After being fed an AA-free diet for 3 months, nonspecific deficiency symptoms became obvious. Different dietary levels of AA resulted in corresponding serum ascorbate levels. The kidney threshold of AA in marmosets is comparable to that in humans. When the minimal AA requirement is defined as the amount that is necessary to maintain a serum AA level above the kidney threshold, then about 20 mg AA/kg body weight is needed. This intake was achieved in our trial with a diet containing 500 ppm AA. Thus, the AA requirement of marmosets is severalfold higher than the AA requirement of humans.

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Antiscorbutic activity of ascorbic acid phosphate in the rhesus monkey and the guinea pig

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

Promotion of IL-4- and IL-5-dependent differentiation of anti-μ-primed B cells by ascorbic acid 2-glucoside

Promotion of IL-4- and IL-5-dependent differentiation of anti-μ-primed B cells by ascorbic acid 2-glucoside

Characterization of the Radical-Scavenging Reaction of 2-O-Substituted Ascorbic Acid Derivatives, AA-2G, AA-2P, and AA-2S: A Kinetic and Stoichiometric Study

Ascorbic Acid Requirement and Assessment of Ascorbate Status in the Common Marmoset <i>(Callithrix jacchus)</i>

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