Antipuritive Effect of Aqueous Root Extracts of Moringa oliefera on Alcohol-induced Haematoxicity in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Aim: The study is aimed at investigating the antinutritive effects of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera on haematological indices following sub-chronic consumption of alcohol in Wistar rats.
 Methods and Materials: Thirty (30) experimental rats weighing 100-120 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1, the normal control group was given just rat feed and water, group 2, negative control was administered alcohol only (1.5 ml/kg body weight), rats in group 3, 4 and 5 received combined administration of alcohol 1.5 ml/kg body weight and 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera respectively, group 6 rats were administered 250 mg/body weight of extract only. At the end of fourteen days (14) the experimental rats were then sacrificed, and blood was collected for haematological analysis.
 Results: The result obtained shows a dose-dependent response in almost all the parameters, white blood cell (WBC) count increases significantly(P<0.05) with 600 mg/kg while dose 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/g shows no significant change. Red blood cells (RBC) decreases non-significantly (P<0.05) with increased amount of aqueous Moringa root extract. Likewise, there was also a dose-dependent decrease in the haematological count and more noticeable with 200 mg/kg dose. It was also observed that mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increases in all the treatment groups with significant observed in 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg. The increase in alcohol can bring about suppression of the blood cells production, enhance if there is reduction in the red blood cells, it, therefore, implies that the will be reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells, that would be carried to the tissues as well as the level of carbon dioxide returned to the lungs. Also, the PCV is involved in the transport of oxygen and absorption of the nutrient. Therefore, increase in PCV, shows a better transportation and thus results in an increase in both primary and secondary polycythemias.
 Conclusion: This research work shows that the plant extract contains some bioactive component or phytochemical constituents that are capable of ameliorating the toxicity effect of alcohol on animal models.

Changes in Haematological Parameters Following Toxicity Study with 80% Methanol Extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> in Wistar Rats

“…The result agree with the findings reported by [32,33] who shows increase MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW value following Wister rat exposure to different concentration of Moringa oleifera, but agree with the finding documented by [34] whose reported decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW count after exposing rat to different concentration of the extract. Moringa oleifera leaf extract shows no changes in both the relative and absolute value of total as well as differential leucocyte count between the control groups and the groups that were exposed to different concentration of the extract.…”

“…Most of literature so far, reported increased in PCV in Wister rat following exposure to different concentration of Moringa oleifera extract (figure 1). Hence, this result disagree with the finding reported by some scientist which shows increase in PCV of Wister rat following treatment with different concentration of this extract [32,33]. Result of total Rbc count revealed variation between the control groups and the groups that were exposed to different concentration of the extract (figure 2), but the values are still within the normal range as established by [31].…”

“…Result of total Rbc count revealed variation between the control groups and the groups that were exposed to different concentration of the extract (figure 2), but the values are still within the normal range as established by [31]. This finding did not similar with the one reported by [32,33] who shows increase Rbc value following Wister rat exposure to different concentration of Moringa oleifera, but agree with the finding documented by [34] whose reported decreased PCV and Rbc count after exposing rat to different concentration of the extract. Effect of leaf extract on MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW also shows variation between the control groups and the groups that were exposed to different concentration of the extract (figure 4).…”