Antiproliferative Potential of Ethyl acetate Extract of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f. on DMBA-induced Breast Cancer in Female Sprague-dawley Rats

Abstract

Background: Clerodendrum is a genus of around 500 species that has a place with the family Lamiaceae. Numerous types of this class have been demonstrated for the treatment of different maladies including cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of ethyl acetate fractions of Clerodendrum thomsoniae Balf.f. (EACT) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) was used to induce breast cancer. Two doses of (25 and 50 mg/kg) EACT were used for the study. Various biochemical, hematological and, antioxidant parameters were analyzed. Results: Reduction in mean tumor volume and tumor weight was observed in EACT treated groups. The blood parameters were seen as normal. In both DMBA and doxorubicin groups, malondialdehyde were increased and the level was significantly reduced in EACT-treated groups. The effect of catalase has been seen as reduced in the groups administered by DMBA and doxorubicin and normal in the EACT groups. In the DMBA control groups, nitrate and nitrite were found to increase, the levels in others were normal. There were less necrosis and infiltration in breast tissues treated with doxorubicin as well as in EACT. The curative effect was found to be dose-dependent in animals treated with EACT. Some of the damaged breast patterns were restored to normal by the treatments. GC-MS analysis confirmed 2, 4-bis(1-phenylethyl)-phenol (39%), which was found to be the major compound present in EACT. Conclusion: The study concludes that C. thomsoniae may be a potential anticancer candidate.

Evaluating the therapeutic potential of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) against DMBA‐induced breast cancer in Sprague Dawley rats

“…Ashraf et al. (2021) showed that doxorubicin reduced the RBCs level up to 5.44 ± 0.74 × 10 6 /μL as compared to RBCs level of 8.35 ± 0.32 × 10 6 /μL in the control group. The plant polyphenols improved the level of RBCs up to 8.65 ± 0.43 × 10 6 /μL.…”

“…The studies have reported that carcinogenesis is associated with oxidative stress mainly by lipid peroxidation (Ashraf et al., 2021). The enzymatic activation of DMBA produces peroxide and superoxide anion radicals resulting in oxidative stress and reduction of antioxidant enzymes in the body (Zeweil et al., 2019).…”

“…The DMBA administration in mice causes hypo‐cellularity of bone marrow (Uno et al., 2006) thus, adversely affecting bone marrow hematopoiesis and reducing the production of blood cells (N’jai et al., 2010). Chemotherapy further reduces the RBCs ultimately Hb due to hemolysis and bone marrow poisonousness (Ashraf et al., 2021). Ashraf et al.…”

“…The oxidative metabolism of DMBA leads to the production of free radicles disrupting tissue redox balance. The free radicles bind to nucleophilic sites by covalent bonding with cellular macromolecules causing cancerous reactions (Ashraf et al., 2021). Gueyo et al.…”