Antiproliferative and toxicological properties of methanolic extract obtained from Solanum capsicoides All. seeds and carpesterol

Abstract

Natural products are considered important sources of potential chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity and the toxicological effects of the methanolic extract and a pure compound obtained from Solanum capsicoides seeds. The phytochemical profile was analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopy methods. The acute toxicity was assessed in mice orally treated with the extract (2000 mg/kg), in vitro hemolytic activity and micronucleus test. The mutagenicity, developmental toxicity, and lethal dose (LD50) of carpesterol were estimated by the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST) software. A sulforhodamine B assay was employed to evaluate the antiproliferative activity. The toxicological assays did not observe signs of toxicity, either during the behavioral observations or in the autopsies, as well as no mutagenicity and hemolytic activity. The carpesterol did not present mutagenic effect and hemolytic activity but presents developmental toxicology and LD50 of 410 mg/kg in toxicity estimations by the TEST software. The S. capsicoides extract exhibited antiproliferative activity mainly in leukemia (K562) cell lineage. However, carpesterol presented antiproliferative activity in glioma (U251), breast (MCF-7), kidney (786-0), ovary (OVCAR-03), and K562 cell lineages. The data obtained show that S. capsicoides extract presents antiproliferative and does not present toxicological effects. In addition, it was shown for the first time the antiproliferative and toxicological parameters of carpesterol.

The Genus Solanum: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Biological Properties Review

“…11 ), with β -sitosterol ( 483 ), daucosterol ( 484 ) and stigmasterol ( 485 ) as the main sterol constituents. Clistol G ( 476 ) and capsisteroids A-F ( 477 – 482 ) were obtained from the leaves of S. capsicoides [ 85 ], tumacones A ( 507 ) and B ( 508 ) and tumacosides A ( 509 ) and B ( 510 ) were from the leaves of S. nudum [ 242 – 247 ], carpesterol ( 517 ) was isolated from the seeds of S. capsicoides [ 86 ], and its derivatives ( 518 – 521 ) were reported from the fruits of S. xanthocarpum [ 401 ]. From the seeds of S. elaeagnifolium , 491 , 495 , 496 and 498 were yielded [ 134 ].…”

“…Sterols in Solanum have indicated possession of anticancer [ 86 ], antifungal [ 401 ], and antiplasmodial [ 242 , 245 , 247 ] features. For instance, 509 and 510 displayed in vitro antimalarial activity against P. falciparum chloroquine-resistant FCB-1 strain (IC 50 = 27 and 16 μM) [ 247 ].…”

“…[ 245 ]. Compound 517 produced antiproliferative activity in glioma (U251), breast (MCF-7), kidney (786-0), ovary (OVCAR-03), and K562 cell lineages [ 86 ]. In addition, 505 – 509 displayed antifungal activity by inhibiting radial growth of A. niger and T. viride [ 401 ].…”

ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SUNGKAI LEAF (Peronema canescens Jack) IN WHITE MICE (Mus musculus)

“…The basic working principle of the rotary evaporator is to trigger the evaporation of the extraction solvent and convert the solvent back into a liquid form. The condensation process occurs with the help of a censor until the solvent is accommodated in a separate state with a sample called an extract (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Anticancer activity of glycoalkaloids from Solanum plants: A review

“…The extract of the S. nigrum L. fruit exhibited low cytotoxicity ( Yang et al, 2022 ), while there was no toxic effect in mice orally treated with extracts of Solanum capsicoides All. seeds (2000 mg/kg) ( Petreanu et al, 2016 ).…”