Antioxidative responses of Salvinia (Salvinia natans Linn.) to aluminium stress and it’s modulation by polyamine

Abstract

Antioxidative stress response of free-floating aquatic fern (Salvinia natans Linn.) was studied under increasing toxic amount of aluminium (Al) and its modulation by exogenous application of polymaine. Increased levels of superoxide (O 2 − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) species from affected tissues suggested that plants were undergoing oxidative stress and it was concominant with increased accumulation of Al in a dose dependent manner. Application of polyamine like putrescine (Put) led to a decrease in oxidative stress as revealed by reduced level of O 2 − and H 2 O 2 . Al toxicity resulted into decreased biomass that was ameliorated by the application of Put. The changes observed in lipid peroxidation (MDA) and protein oxidation also indicated that plats are undergoing Al induced oxidative stress. In order to circumvent the oxidative stress resulting from Al toxicity, plants enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant pathways were active. The ratio of both oxidized and reduced cellular glutathione exhibited significant variation in response to Al stress and was improved upon Put treatment. Peroxidase and glutathione were upregulated whereas catalse was downregulated under varying doses of Al. Isozyme profile of above enzymes also showed a trend with increasing amount of Al. The nuclear disintegration study using comet assay was indicative of Al induced oxidative stress. In the present study, we have explored the antioxidative response of aquatic fern Salvinia natans Linn in response to Al toxicity. The application of polyamine Put improved the overall antioxidative response and thus would make it a better candidate to be used as hyper accumulator of Al and other toxic metals.

Change in Physiological Features in Ryegrass Biotypes in Competition With Soybean Due Resistance to Glyphosate

“…Based on the results of this research, it can be inferred that competition stimulates the secondary metabolism of soybean plants through the synthesis of antioxidant molecules and that stress due to competition is comparable to the stresses induced by temperature, pathogens, insects, ultraviolet radiation, drought and nutrient deficiency (Kumar et al, 2012;Suzuki et al, 2012;Mandal et al, 2013). …”

Effects of putrescine on oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in Salvinia natans L.

“…Hence, diamine (Put) had been chosen to monitor the oxidative exposure in our experiment. In our earlier findings it was recorded that Put could be sufficient to minimize the oxidative damages induced indirectly by metals (Mandal et al 2013 (Cheeseman 2006). Proline biosynthesis is a multistep pathway facilitated by a number of enzymes (Celik & Atak 2012).…”

“…The isoforms of GR was detected by developing the bands on the gel after incubating it for 10 min in a mixture containing 0.5 mM NAD(P)H, 3.4 mM GSSG, 0.5 mM EDTA, 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.6), dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazolyl 2,5 diphenyl-tetrazolium bromine) (MTT) (Mandal et al 2013). …”

“…Moreover, the interaction and alleviation of any kind of abiotic stresses with tri-amine (spermidine) and tetraamine (spermine) are more common in comparison to diamine (putrescine). Few reports are there particularly in Salvinia species where Put have been documented to be competent in metal stress alleviation (Mandal et al 2013) but hardly any reports were found in case of H 2 O 2 treatment. With this rational we hypothesized that Put could be interacting in similar fashion to moderate the H 2 O 2 induced oxidative stress in Salvinia.…”

Interaction of polyamine on oxidative stress induced by exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide in Salvinia natans Linn

“…Plants cope with oxidative stress with the implementation of antioxidative pathways by enzymatic and non-enzymatic attributes (Mandal et al 2013). Among non-enzymatic attributes, different secondary metabolites are involved in quenching the energy of ROS (Karuppanapandian et al 2011).…”