Antioxidative and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities and phytochemical screening of the hydro-alcoholic extract of mace, aril of Myristica fragrans: Implication as an adjuvant therapy in gout

Abstract

Myristica fragrans derivatives are used as spices in cuisines and also serve as an important source of traditional medicine worldwide. The present study has evaluated the anti-oxidative potential of the hydro-methanolic extract of the fruit aril of M. fragrans, which is also referred to as mace. This study also includes a quantitative phytochemical assessment of the extract and focuses on the ability of the extract to inhibit xanthine oxidase, a molecular target involved in nucleic acid metabolism and the enzyme responsible for the development of gout disease. The extract was found to contain different classes of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids and saponins. Furthermore, the anti-oxidative potential of the extract was evaluated against the radicals ABTS and DPPH, and there was a progressive reduction of the radicals with increasing doses of the extract. Moreover, a ferric reducing power assay also showed the antioxidant activity of the crude extract as compared to ascorbic acid, a well-known antioxidant. Another significant finding of the study is that the mace extract also considerably inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase in a concentration-dependent manner. Our A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 results partially support the use of mace in dietary regimens as a nutraceutical that could serve as a prophylactic strategy or an adjuvant for the prevention and therapy of gout disease.

Hydro-alcoholic extract of Ochradenus baccatus exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits enzyme of uric acid metabolism: Implications for bioactive molecules

“…The procedure for preparing the extract followed the standard protocol as described previously (Suarez et al, 2010;Ullah 2017). Initially, the aerial parts of Ochradenus baccatus was cleansed with cold water and then dried in an oven at 45°C.…”

A review on bioactive phytochemicals and ethnopharmacological potential of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)

“…Seeds are demulcent, diuretic and vermifuge. [ 61 , 62 ] Philippines Used for treatment of kidney infections. [ 63 ] Sri Lanka Leaves are used against ulcers, wounds, burns and skin diseases.…”

Saponin‐rich fractions from Codonopsis javanica root extract and their in vitro antioxidant and anti‐enzymatic efficacy

“…For example, the phenolic‐rich C. javanica root extract showed the antioxidant potent with the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values determined by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid‐free radical tests were 1,042.3 and 299.0 µg/ml, respectively (Pham et al., 2020). Besides, saponins are known to display significant anti‐arthritic and anti‐diabetes activity (Ali et al., 2005; Hanh et al., 2016; Ullah, 2016). With this in mind, in the present study we examined the potential of crude extract (CE) and fractions from C. javanica roots to inhibit enzymes related to inflammation (i.e., Lipoxygenases (LOX) and Xanthine oxidase (XO)) and alpha glucosidase (AG)‐related diabetes.…”

“…For example, the phenolic-rich C. javanica root extract showed the antioxidant potent with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid-free radical tests were 1,042.3 and 299.0 µg/ml, respectively (Pham et al, 2020). Besides, saponins are known to display significant anti-arthritic and antidiabetes activity (Ali et al, 2005;Hanh et al, 2016;Ullah, 2016).…”