Antioxidants: Terminology, Methods, and Future Considerations

Брайнина, Х. З.; Stozhko, N. Yu.; Vidrevich, Marina B.

doi:10.3390/antiox8080297

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…All molecules having high Ox/Red potential can be inhibited (reduced) due to an antioxidant activity [45]. An antioxidant activity proves to be a summary indicator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Geochemical Conditions for the Accumulation of Antioxidants in the Leaves of Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel

Maslennikov

Головина

Artemenko

2020

Plants

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The article explores how location affected the dynamics of accumulation of ascorbic acid (AC) and oxidized forms of AC—dehydroascorbic acid (DAA) and diketogulonic acid (DKGA) in beach pea during ontogenetic development. Our analysis focuses on research of the ecological and geochemical conditions growing of the plant on the Curonian Spit. The level of hydrogen peroxide and the activity of enzymes that break it down were analyzed. Antioxidant activity and the total concentration of phenolics were evaluated in the leaves of beach pea on the leeward and windward sides of the foredune. It was established that the level of AC, DAA, and DKGA was higher in the plants growing on the windward side of the foredune. A higher concentration of peroxy compounds, which stimulate the biosynthesis of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase), polyphenols, and other low molecular antioxidants (AOA) was observed in the leaves of these plants. The plants on the windward side enter phenological stages one or two weeks later than their counterparts on the leeward side of the foredune do. There was a generally negative correlation between the temperature of the soil and the accumulation of ascorbate system acids in the leaves of the studied plants (r = −0.46/(−0.68), p < 0.05). The accumulation of low molecular antioxidants and enzymes in beach pea suggests their adaptation to the adverse conditions of the windward side of the foredune.

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“…All molecules having high Ox/Red potential can be inhibited (reduced) due to an antioxidant activity [45]. An antioxidant activity proves to be a summary indicator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Geochemical Conditions for the Accumulation of Antioxidants in the Leaves of Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel

Maslennikov

Головина

Artemenko

2020

Plants

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“…Considering the plethora of antioxidant compounds, differences in mechanisms and the possibility of synergism of their action in the body, the second approach should be considered preferable and more informative. [19] As a first approach, systematic flavonoid fingerprinting of L. cuneifolia has been recently performed by capillary electrophoresis, focusing on the analysis of specimens from different hosts and geographical regions, and subjected to various extraction procedures. Well-known antioxidant compounds, such as free and glycosylated quercetin were found, together with condensed tannins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Ligaria cuneifolia (Loranthaceae)

Dobrecky

Marchini

Ricco

et al. 2020

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Ligaria cuneifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh. (Loranthaceae), the 'Argentine mistletoe', is a hemiparasite species largely used in folk medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo methods. A screening of phenolics was performed by UV spectroscopy on different fractions. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH *) assay on a crude extract (CE), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and aqueous fraction (AF). The results suggest that EAF concentrates the antioxidant capacity and was selected for further analysis. Capillary electrophoresis was employed to monitor the individual antioxidant capacity and the potential contributors to this effect. Ex vivo assays showed an efficient inhibition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced rat liver phospholipid oxidation, as well as rat brain autoxidation, and H 2 O 2-induced DNA damage in blood monocytes. In vivo, the topical application of EAF significantly decreased skin chemiluminescence in a mice model.

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“…Inversely, Trolox, a water-soluble analog of vitamin E developed by exchanging the phytyl side chain with a carboxylate group, and which serves as a standard compound for cell-free assays, such as ORAC or TEAC [ 32 ], showed full effect (see Supplementary Data ) with an EC 50 estimated at 138.5 μM. In the context of AOP1, it is particularly interesting to note that Trolox, in contrary to native vitamin E, has been revealed by others to exert a strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in a cell-free system [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AOP1, a New Live Cell Assay for the Direct and Quantitative Measure of Intracellular Antioxidant Effects

et al. 2020

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Taking advantage of Light Up Cell System (LUCS) technology, which allows for fine monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production inside live cells, a new assay called Anti Oxidant Power 1 (AOP1) was developed to specifically measure ROS and/or free-radical scavenging effects inside living cells. This method is quantitative and EC50s obtained from AOP1 dose-response experiments were determined in order to classify the intracellular antioxidant efficacy of 15 well known antioxidant compounds with different hydrophilic properties. Six of them (epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ethoxyquin, resveratrol) gave EC50s in the range of 7–64 μM, four (Trolox, catechin, epicatechin, EUK134) in the range of 0.14 to 1 mM, and 5 (sulforaphane, astaxanthin, α- and γ-tocopherols, vitamin E acetate) showed only partial or no effect. Interestingly, effects with measurable EC50s were observed for compounds with hydrophilic properties (LogP ≤ 5.3), while all antioxidants known to act at the plasma membrane level (LogP ≥ 10.3) had partial or no effect. Sulforaphane, a hydrophilic but strict Keap1/Nrf2 pathway enhancer, did not show any effect either. Importantly, AOP1 assay captures both antioxidant and prooxidant effects. Taken together, these results led us to the conclusion that AOP1 assay measures antioxidant effect of compounds that selectively enter the cell, and act as free radical scavengers in the cytosol and/or nucleus level.

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Antioxidants: Terminology, Methods, and Future Considerations

Cited by 51 publications

References 32 publications

Ecological and Geochemical Conditions for the Accumulation of Antioxidants in the Leaves of Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel

Ecological and Geochemical Conditions for the Accumulation of Antioxidants in the Leaves of Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel

Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Ligaria cuneifolia (Loranthaceae)

AOP1, a New Live Cell Assay for the Direct and Quantitative Measure of Intracellular Antioxidant Effects

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