Antioxidants Attenuate Heat Shock Induced Premature Senescence of Bovine Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have many roles that are important for the body’s proper functioning. When the MSC pool is damaged, it is often correlated with impaired development or health of the organism. MSC are known for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and trophic characteristics that play an important role in the physiological homeostasis of many tissues. Heat shock impairs MSC capacity by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction, which, in turn, send the cells into a state of premature senescence. Here, we pre-exposed MSC to melatonin, resveratrol, or curcumin, which are natural antioxidative compounds, and tested the protective effects of these substances from oxidative stress and aging. Our data showed that pre-exposure of MSC to antioxidants decreased reactive oxygen species while mitochondrial damage remained high. Additionally, although the proliferation of the cells was slow, antioxidants protected the cells from premature senescence, and subsequent cytokine release was prevented. We conclude that while elevated temperatures directly cause mitochondrial damage, senescence is induced by elevated ROS levels. We suggest that heat shock alters cell and tissue homeostasis by several independent mechanisms; however, reducing tissue senescence will reduce damage and provide a pathway to overcome physiological challenges in animals.

Short heat shock has a long-term effect on mesenchymal stem cells’ transcriptome

“… 15 In addition, prior to the HS treatment, MSCs marker expression ( Figure S1 A), proliferation ( Figure S1 B), and differentiation capacities ( Figure S1 C) were examined and validated as in. 15 , 36 …”

Early Pulmonary Fibrosis-like Changes in the Setting of Heat Exposure: DNA Damage and Cell Senescence

“…A recent study has found that heat stimulation at 40 °C for 72 h disrupts cellular system homeostasis, which in turn accelerates cellular ageing [ 42 ]. It has been found that heat shock could significantly reduce the proliferation and differentiation capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and induce premature senescence [ 43 , 44 ]. In this study, the increased histochemical staining of SA-β-gal, a marker of cellular senescence, revealed pronounced senescence in the heat-exposed mouse lung tissue.…”

Plant Extracts to Alleviating Heat Stress in Dairy Cows

“…Previous studies have shown that dietary supplementation with bupleurum extract [ 7 ] and honeysuckle extract [ 8 ] can alleviate HS in dairy cows. Currently, plant extracts containing polyphenols and flavonoids are widely used in livestock [ 41 ] to alleviate HS [ 42 ], enhance immune functions [ 43 ], increase feed intake [ 44 ] and improve product quality [ 45 ].…”

“…Peng et al reported that the supplementation of 400 mg puerarin per kg of diet reduced serum cortisol concentrations in chronically stressed beef cattle [ 77 ]. In rats, resveratrol treatment inhibited cortisol production from liver microsomal vesicles in a concentration-dependent relationship [ 42 , 78 ]. The foregoing results suggest that active substances extracted from plants can reduce cortisol concentrations in animals subjected to HS and, therefore, can alleviate some of the detrimental effects of stress.…”