Antioxidants and Anticholinesterase Activities of the Characterized Ethanolic of Ripe Sesoot (Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq.) Fruit Extract (GpKar) and Xanthone

Abstract

Oxidative stress has been known to contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme may lead to Alzheimer’s disease as a neurotransmitter. Antioxidants may have protective activities against oxidative damage and Alzheimer’s disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors also can be used in the treatment of various neurological disorders for management of Alzheimer’s disease. This study aimed to determine antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq. fruit extract (GpKar) and its compounds, xanthone. Antioxidant activity was measured by H2O2 scavenging inhibitory activity, while anticholinesterase activity was measured using modified Ellman method. GpKar has higher H2O2 scavenging inhibitory activity (IC50= 967.28 µg/ml) compared to xanthone (IC50= 1198.95 µg/ml). In the anticholinesterase inhibitory activity, GpKar has lower activity (IC50= 70.25 µg/ml) compared to xanthone (11.80 µg/ml). In summary, GpKar has higher antioxidant activity but lower anticholinesterase activity compared to its compounds, xanthone. However, GpKar has potency as antioxidant agent to prevent Alzheimer’s disease.

Potentials of rose (Rosa damascena) petals and receptacles extract as antioxidant and antihyaluronidase

“…The H 2 O 2 presence in the reaction will cause the complex not to be formed. So if there is an antioxidant that traps H 2 O 2 , then the mixture color is orange that show the presence of Fe 2+ -tri-phenanthroline complex (Stevenie et al, 2019;Asan et al, 2019;Jusri et al, 2019;Liana et al, 2019;Utami et al, 2017).…”

“…This assay was measured using a modified method (Utami et al, 2017). Briefly, 60 µL of the sample at various concentrations (500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, and 16.625 μg/mL), 12 µL ferrous ammonium sulfate (1 mM), 3 µL of H 2 O 2 5 mM were added into the sample well plate.…”

“…Then it was incubated again in the same condition for 10 mins. The absorbances were determined at 510 nm (Asan et al, 2019;Jusri et al, 2019;Liana et al, 2019;Utami et al, 2017). The scavenging activities percentage of samples were calculated using this following formula : H 2 O 2 Scavenging Activity (%) = (Ac -As)/Ac × 100 Ac: control absorbance As: sample absorbance…”

Comparison of Antioxidant and Anti-collagenase Activity of Genistein and Epicatechin

“…Natural compound also has antioxidant and antiprotease activity that has good benefit to prevent skin aging. Some compounds such as xanthones (Utami et al, 2017), gallic acid, β-carotten, catechin (Mukherjee et al, 2011), Eugenol, Hesperidin (Widowati et al, 2018), myricetin (Mukherjee et al, 2011), rutin, quecertin (Rusmana et al, 2017), Coumaric acid, vanillin (Widowati et al, 2016) have antioxidant and antiprotease (anti-collagenase, anti-hyaluronidase, anti-elastase, and anti-tyrosinase). Crude extract from plant also has antioxidant and antiprotease activity such as tea extract (Thring et al, 2009;Widowati et al, 2015), rose flowers extract (Thring et al, 2009), cocoa pod extract (Abdul Karim et al, 2014), Hypericum hircinum L extract (Mandrone et al, 2015), etc.…”

The ethanol extract of the bastard cedar (Guazuma ulmifolia L.) as antioxidants

“…DPPH scavenging activity (%) = A: control solutions absorbance B: sample absorbance H 2 O 2 scavenger activity assay The H 2 O 2 scavenging was measured according to previous studies (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2016;Utami et al, 2017) with slight modification. Each sample well was contained 60 µL of EEGU, 12 µL of FeH 8 N 2 O 8 S 2 1 mM and 3 µL of H 2 O 2 5 mM.…”