Antioxidant Vitamins C, E and β-carotene reduce DNA damage before as well as after γ-ray irradiation of human lymphocytes in vitro

Konopacka, Maria; Rzeszowska-Wolny, Joanna

doi:10.1016/s1383-5718(00)00133-9

Cited by 80 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It has been reported that the addition of vitamin C in a single dose before irradiation reduced the level of DNA damage to normal cells (Bergsten et al 1990). Also the prevention in radiationinduced MN as well as apoptosis was found in human lymphocytes when vitamin C was added at low concentration before exposure of the cells to radiation (Konopacka & Rzeszowska-Wolny 2001, Mozdarani & Ghoraeian 2008. Direct interaction of ascorbic acid with DNA might be another explanation for its protective effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The modifying effect of treatment with several antioxidant agents such as vitamins C, E and b-carotene on the clastogenic activity of g-rays had shown radioprotective effect in mice (Konopacka & Rzeszowska-Wolny 2001). Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), the major water-soluble antioxidant in blood, tissue, and intracellular fluid, is a very potent free radical scavenger and has attracted tremendous attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytogenetic damage in preimplantation mouse embryos generated after paternal and parental γ-irradiation and the influence of vitamin C

Mozdarani

Nazari²

2009

Reproduction

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Cytogenetic damage expressed as micronuclei (MN) in 4-8-cell embryos generated after irradiation of male or male and female mice in the absence and presence of vitamin C was investigated. Male NMRI mice were whole body exposed to 4 Gy g-rays and mated with non-irradiated superovulated female mice in 6 successive weeks after irradiation in a weekly interval. In experiments involving irradiation of both male and female mice, irradiated male mice for 6 weeks post irradiation were mated with female mice irradiated after induction of superovulation. Effect of 100 mg/kg vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on the frequency of MN was also studied. Pregnant animals were euthanized and embryos flushed from the oviducts and fixed on slides. The rate of MN observed in embryos generated from irradiated male compared with control group dramatically increased (P!0.01). Frequency of MN in this group decreased dramatically after vitamin C treatment (P!0.01). Frequency of MN in embryos generated by mating both male and female irradiated mice was higher than that observed for those embryos generated by irradiated male mice alone. However, a considerable modifying effect of vitamin C was observed for this group too (P!0.05). Results indicate that irradiation of gonads during spermatogenesis and preovulatory stage oocytes may lead to unstable chromosomal aberrations and probably stable chromosomal abnormalities affecting pairing and disjunction of chromosomes in successive preimplantation embryos expressed as MN. The way vitamin C reduces clastogenic effects of radiation on germ cells leading to reduced frequency of MN in pre-embryos might be due to its antioxidation and radical scavenging properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic damage in preimplantation mouse embryos generated after paternal and parental γ-irradiation and the influence of vitamin C

Mozdarani

Nazari²

2009

Reproduction

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“…The mechanisms involved in the efficacy of the antioxidant treatment initiated after radiation exposure remain to be elucidated, particularly in the context of ROS signaling. It was reported previously that in vitro protection against radiation-induced micronucleus formation in human lymphocytes by vitamin C, vitamin E or β-carotene was more effective when antioxidants were added after the radiation exposure than before (17). An in vivo study showed that vitamin C or vitamin E was equally as effective in reducing γ-radiation-induced bone marrow micronucleus formation and chromosomal aberrations when given to mice 2 h before or after irradiation (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…They are readily available and have low toxicity over a wide dose range; they can be administered orally; they are effective in attenuating numerous radiation-induced phenomena such as chromosomal DNA damage, mutagenesis, transformation and the formation of clastogenic factors (14)(15)(16)(17). It was shown that the bone marrow of mice is depleted of endogenous vitamins C and E after TBI at doses as low as 50 cGy within 24 h (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Antioxidants Protect Hematopoietic Cells and Improve Animal Survival after Total-Body Irradiation

et al. 2008

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether a dietary supplement consisting of Lselenomethionine, vitamin C, vitamin E succinate, α-lipoic acid and N-acetyl cysteine could improve the survival of mice after total-body irradiation. Antioxidants significantly increased the 30-day survival of mice after exposure to a potentially lethal dose of X rays when given prior to or after animal irradiation. Pretreatment of animals with antioxidants resulted in significantly higher total white blood cell and neutrophil counts in peripheral blood at 4 and 24 h after 1 Gy and 8 Gy. Antioxidants were effective in preventing peripheral lymphopenia only after low-dose irradiation. Antioxidant supplementation was also associated with increased bone marrow cell counts after irradiation. Supplementation with antioxidants was associated with increased Bcl2 and decreased Bax, caspase 9 and TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the bone marrow after irradiation. Maintenance of the antioxidant diet was associated with improved recovery of the bone marrow after sublethal or potentially lethal irradiation. Taken together, oral supplementation with antioxidants appears to be an effective approach for radioprotection of hematopoietic cells and improvement of animal survival, and modulation of apoptosis is implicated as a mechanism for the radioprotection of the hematopoietic system by antioxidants.

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“…It reacts quickly with peroxyl free radicals interrupting the free radical chain reaction and consequently protecting cells from damage (8). A wide range of radioprotective effects associated with vitamin E have been demonstrated, such as preservation of the small bowel crypt, increase in the rate of DNA repair process (8), salivary dysfunction (9), against mutagenic and/or carcinogenic agents in animals and cell cultures, and a reduction in the number of micronuclei in human lymphocytes in vitro (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioprotective Effect of Vitamin E in Parotid Glands: a Morphometric Analysis in Rats

et al. 2013

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of vitamin E on rat parotid glands by morphometric analysis. Sixty male rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6): control, in which animals received olive oil solution; olive oil/irradiated, in which animals received olive oil and were irradiated with a dose of 15 Gy of gamma radiation; irradiated, in which animals were irradiated with a dose of 15 Gy gamma radiation; vitamin E, which received α-tocopherol acetate solution; vitamin E/irradiated, which received α-tocopherol acetate solution before irradiation with a dose of 15 Gy gamma rays. Half of the animals were euthanized at 8 h, and the remaining at 30 days after irradiation. Both parotid glands were surgically removed and morphometric analysis of acinar cells was performed. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Morphometric analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of parotid acinar cells at 30 days in olive oil/irradiated and irradiated groups. In groups evaluated over time a significant reduction was shown at 30 days in olive oil/irradiated and irradiated groups, indicating that ionizing radiation caused tissue damage. The vitamin E/irradiated group presented more acinar cells than the irradiated group, but no statistically significant difference was observed (p>0.05). In conclusion, vitamin E seems to have failed as a radioprotective agent on acinar cells in rat parotid glands. R a d i o p r o t e c t i v e E f f e c t o f V i t a m i n E i n Pa r o t i d G l a n d s :

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Antioxidant Vitamins C, E and β-carotene reduce DNA damage before as well as after γ-ray irradiation of human lymphocytes in vitro

Cited by 80 publications

References 20 publications

Cytogenetic damage in preimplantation mouse embryos generated after paternal and parental γ-irradiation and the influence of vitamin C

Cytogenetic damage in preimplantation mouse embryos generated after paternal and parental γ-irradiation and the influence of vitamin C

Dietary Antioxidants Protect Hematopoietic Cells and Improve Animal Survival after Total-Body Irradiation

Radioprotective Effect of Vitamin E in Parotid Glands: a Morphometric Analysis in Rats

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