Antioxidant Protection and Ixygen Radical Signaling

Gutteridge, John M.C.; Halliwell, Barry

doi:10.1007/0-306-46806-9_8

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Many chemicals exert toxic action once they are metabolically activated to reactive intermediates, which may be free radical species [30]. Reactive oxygen species are a natural product of the normal metabolism of oxygen (photosynthetic electron transport processes and respiration) and are commonly produced in cells through the oxidative metabolism in mitochondria [32]. If MTZ was bioreducted by one electron in the futile cycle, an increase in ROS would be expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If MTZ was bioreducted by one electron in the futile cycle, an increase in ROS would be expected. Reactive oxygen species are a natural product of the normal metabolism of oxygen (photosynthetic electron transport processes and respiration) and are commonly produced in cells through the oxidative metabolism in mitochondria [32]. During the process of energy production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain, part of the oxygen that enters the cell is the source of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, or hydrogen peroxide and reacts with other nonradical species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative damage and antioxidant response of Allium cepa meristematic and elongation cells exposed to metronidazole

Andrioli

Sabatini

Mudry

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The toxicity of metronidazole (MTZ) in meristematic and elongation zones of Allium cepa roots was analyzed for 30 h of exposition. Toxic effects were evaluated by lipid peroxidation (content of thiobarbituric‐reactive substances [TBARS]), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, ascorbate acid and dehydroascorbate acid content, and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The root zones showed differentiated susceptibility to MTZ. In the elongation zone, MTZ induced an increase of TBARS content and a significant rise in GSH levels, whereas in the meristematic zone, lipid peroxidation was not observed and all antioxidant defense parameters analyzed were significantly increased. These results indicate that MTZ exposure induced oxidative stress in A. cepa roots, and that the antioxidant defenses in the meristematic zone are more efficient compared with the elongation zone, which is probably related to higher oxidative metabolism of meristematic tissue. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 968–972. © 2012 SETAC

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative damage and antioxidant response of Allium cepa meristematic and elongation cells exposed to metronidazole

Andrioli

Sabatini

Mudry

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Lipid peroxidation in APAP toxicity is probably the result rather than the cause of hepatocyte necrosis [3]. Although lipid peroxidation may not be the primary cause, it could well be an important step in the cascade of processes leading to irreversible tissue damage [29]. Enhanced lipid peroxidation leads to tissue injury and failure of the antioxidant defense mechanisms to prevent the formation of excess free radicals [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Asteracantha longifolia on Liver Antioxidant Defense System during Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats

Shivashangari

Ravikumar

Devaki

et al. 2004

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of pretreatment with the methanolic extract of Asteracantha longifolia (AL) seeds on liver antioxidant defense system during acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats. Acetaminopheninduced liver injury was manifested by a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxides with a concomitant decrease in the levels of enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E). Pretreatment with AL extract reversed these alterations to near normal. Results of the study confirm that pretreatment with AL seed extract is very effective in reducing acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress suggesting its antioxidant property.

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“…"Aerobic organisms have evolved a multitude of ways to protect themselves from the deleterious aspects of an aerobic existence" (Pryor et al, 2006) The effects of ROS are highly dependent on their local concentrations, which in turn are a function of not only the rate of their production, but also their rate of degradation or inactivation. In order to minimize the deleterious effects of ROS, the human body manufactures antioxidant enzymes, proteins, and low molecular weight scavengers (Gutteridge & Halliwell, 1999). Dietarily obtained antioxidants may also reduce oxidative stress, and have been promoted under the assertion that they may reduce rates and/or severity of coronary artery disease, stroke, dementias, and various cancers (Ames et al, 1993), all of which have increased levels of oxidant damage (Finkel & Holbrook, 2000).…”

Section: Endogenous Scavenger Systems That Regulate Ros Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GSH is the major cellular thiol antioxidant buffer, which serves as a substrate for glutathione peroxidase (gpx1) thereby eliminating lipid hydroperoxides and H 2 O 2 (Dickinson & Forman, 2002). Ubiquinone and vitamin E, both lipid soluble antioxidants found in mitochondrial and other cellular membranes (Andree et al, 1999), aid in the removal of lipophilic radicals (Gutteridge & Halliwell, 1999).…”

Section: Endogenous Scavenger Systems That Regulate Ros Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors regulating arteriolar tone during microvascular growth

Samora¹

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Growth of the arteriolar network is accompanied by progressive changes in pressure and flow, and in the metabolic environment to which the arterioles are exposed. This dissertation was carried out to investigate the extent to which mechanisms involved in local blood flow regulation may also change during this growth. We isolated gracilis muscle arterioles from weanling (age 25-26 days) and juvenile (44-66 days) rats, and studied the responsiveness of these vessels to both myogenic and endothelium-dependent stimuli. Overall arteriolar responses to the endothelium-dependent agonists acetylcholine (ACh), A23187, VEGF and simvastatin were not different between age groups. Responses of juvenile arterioles to ACh and simvastatin were significantly reduced by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase or cyclooxygenase, by the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase, and by potassium channel inhibition. Responses of weanling arterioles to ACh and simvastatin were unaffected by these treatments, but significantly reduced by heme oxygenase inhibition. Arteriolar growth during juvenile maturation is accompanied by an increase in myogenic responsiveness, possibly because endotheliumderived PGH 2 or TXA 2 assumes a role in reinforcing myogenic activity over this period. In conclusion, mediators of endothelium-dependent dilation change during growth, with carbon monoxide contributing largely to these responses in young animals, and a combination of nitric oxide, prostanoids and hydrogen peroxide contributing to these responses in older animals. These data suggest that age-dependent differences in the control of vascular tone exist and may have significant implications for the regulation of tissue perfusion. DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to my parents, Pamela and Patrick Balch, who have offered unwavering encouragement and support, instilled in me the self-confidence to fulfill my dreams, and who have stood by my side through every decision, accomplishment, and failure. I love you both so much. Thanks for being the amazing parents you are. iii Jefferson C. Frisbee for their support and faith in my abilities. They have been a great team-two completely different personalities and research interests, but both providing extremely valuable insight and support. Wherever they may have differed in their overall objectives for me, they were always cooperative and accommodating, and had my best interests in mind. Dr. Frisbee-you have an intense ambition and motivation that inspire and amaze me. Dr. Boegehold-I greatly appreciate all of your efforts during these last few months not only working with me to understand some difficult data and helping to get the last few manuscripts into shape, but also in assisting me with the completion of this work. As an aside, I hope I may someday become as skilled in the art of diplomacy as you! Thank you both for taking me under your wings. I have learned a great deal under your mentorship.

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Antioxidant Protection and Ixygen Radical Signaling

Cited by 5 publications

References 146 publications

Oxidative damage and antioxidant response of Allium cepa meristematic and elongation cells exposed to metronidazole

Oxidative damage and antioxidant response of Allium cepa meristematic and elongation cells exposed to metronidazole

Effect of Asteracantha longifolia on Liver Antioxidant Defense System during Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats

Factors regulating arteriolar tone during microvascular growth

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