Antioxidant Properties of Some Medicinal Plants: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Sedum sempervivoides (Crassulaceae), Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Cruciata taurica (Rubiaceae), Rosa pimpinellifolia (Rosaceae), Galium verum subsp. verum (Rubiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae)

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are various forms of activated oxygen and nitrogen, which include free radicals such as superoxide ions (O 2 · Ϫ ), hydroxyl (OH · ) and nitric oxide radicals (NO · ), as well as non-free-radical species such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and nitrous acid (HNO 2 ). [1][2][3] In living organisms ROS and RNS can form in different ways. Normal aerobic respiration, stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, and peroxisomes appear to be the main endogenous sources of most of the oxidants produced by cells. [4][5][6] Exogenous sources of free radicals include tobacco smoke, ionising radiation, organic solvents and pesticides.7-10) Free radicals can cause lipid peroxidation in foods that leads to their deterioration. 11)Oxidation does affect not only lipids. ROS and RNS may cause DNA damage that could lead to mutation. 12,13) In addition, ROS and RNS have been implicated in more than 100 diseases, including malaria, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, heart disease, stroke, arteriosclerosis, diabetes and cancer.6,14-16) When produced in excess, ROS can cause tissue injury, whilst, tissue injury can itself cause ROS generation.12) Nevertheless, all aerobic organisms, including human beings, have antioxidant defenses that protect against oxidative damage and numerous damage removal and repair enzymes to remove or repair damaged molecules. 8,[17][18][19] However, the natural antioxidant mechanisms can be inefficient, hence dietary intake of antioxidant compounds becomes important. 5,16,20,21) Although there are some synthetic antioxidant compounds, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), which are commonly used in processed foods, it has been reported that these compounds may have side effects. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] In addition, it has been suggested that there is an inverse relationship between dietary intake of antioxidant-rich foods and the incidence of a number of human diseases. 29,30) Therefore, research into the determination of natural antioxidant sources is important.In this study, it is aimed to determine the antioxidant activity (AA) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA), reducing powers (RP) and amount of total phenolic compounds (APC) of the some medicinal plants which have been used especially in Eastern Turkey. (AEF 21172). Activity studies were performed on decoctions (5%) and/or methanolic extracts (5%) of used parts of plants in the treatment. Extraction solvents and parts of plants were chosen by taking consideration the usage form of plants by public. Methanol extract was evaporated and then lyophilized, water extract was directly lyophilized. In the AA and DPPH-RSA studies, different concentration ranges were studied and data of 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/l concentrations were given in all figures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of Plants, Identification and ExtractionDetermination of Antioxidant Properties The in vitro antioxidant activit...

Antioxidant activity of different parts ofTetrataenium lasiopetalum

“…In comparison with the aforementioned similar studies, flower, petiole and lamina of T. lasiopetalum demonstrate better DPPH scavenging activity. Several studies have also shown a close correlation between polyphenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts and antioxidant activity (Alinezhad et al, 2012;Coruh et al, 2007;Mavi et al, 2004), but our work appears to be the first evidence of antioxidant activity of T. lasiopetalum. Lamina of T. lasiopetalum is widely used in Iranian traditional medicine and there is probably a correlation between its antioxidant ability and its usages in Iranian folk medicine.…”

Flavonoides e atividade antioxidante em Palicourea rigida Kunth, Rubiaceae

“…Para a espécie, já existem relatos sobre as atividades citotóxica , antimicrobianas de seus extratos brutos etanólicos Correa et al, 2005), bem como sobre a presença de triterpenos derivados de friedelanona (Bolzani et al, 1992), do iridóide loganina (Lopes et al, 2004) e do alcaloide indólico vallesiachotamina (Vencato et al, 2005). Além disso, estudos relatam a presença de compostos fenólicos em Palicourea e em outras espécies da família Rubiaceae, como por exemplo, Chomelia obtusa (Barros et al, 2008); Randia hebecarpa (Nazari et al, 2006), Cruciata taurica (Mavi et al, 2004) e Uncaria tomentosa (Ostrakhovich et al, 1997;Pilarski et al, 2006). Com base no conhecido potencial biológico de espécies da família Rubiaceae, os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o potencial antioxidante do extrato bruto e das frações de Palicourea rigida e isolar e identificar seus principais compostos, considerando a possibilidade de verificar se há contribuições destes constituintes na atividade investigada.…”

Proliferation of the b -Cells of Pancreas in Diabetic Rats Treated with Urtica Dioica

“…Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of U. dioica leaves have been established by several studies (Kanter et al, 2005;Cetinus et al, 2005;Mavi et al, 2004).…”