Antioxidant Effects of Aerobic Training and Crocin Consumption on Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats

Abstract

Objective: Doxorubicin (DOX) treatment has been reported to increase the risk of serious toxicity in testis, therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of training and Crocin on doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in rats.
 Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 42 Wistar rats were randomized into seven groups of six rats, including 1) Control, 2) DOX, 3) DOX + 10 mg/kg/d (day) Crocin, 4) DOX + 50 mg/kg/d Crocin, 5) DOX + high intensity interval training (HIIT), 6) DOX + HIIT with 10 mg/kg/d Crocin and 7) DOX + HIIT with 50 mg/kg/d Crocin. During eight weeks, rats in groups 3, 4, 6, and 7 administered Crocin daily at specific doses by gavage, and groups 5 to 7 performed HIIT(2-8rep2min at 80-110% Vmax) 5 day/w. Also, groups 2 to 7 administered 2 mg/kg/w DOX intraperitoneal. The testes were removed and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and protein carbonyl (PC) were analyzed using ELISA methods, oneway analysis of variance along with Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used for analysis in SPSS (P≤0.05).
 Results: The results of the present study showed that doxorubicin induced oxidative stress in testicular tissue by decreasing the level of GPX and TAC and increasing PC level (P≤0.05); TAC and GPX improved in all groups except groups 2 and 5, respectively, and their increase in the group 7 was significantly higher compared to other groups (P≤0.05). Increased PC levels were significantly reduced in the groups 5, 6 and 7.
 Conclusion: The increase in antioxidant levels in the concurrent Crocin and training group seems to be dosedependent, but the oxidative stress in both Crocin and training groups of 10 and 50 mg/kg/d is associated with a decrease, but its modulation in the Crocin consumption group alone depends on the dose.

Aerobic Training and Crocin Consumption Improve Doxorubicin Damage to Spermatogenesis Process and Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Expression of Male Wistar Rats

“…During HIIT, blood lactate levels increase from about three mmol in rats to 10 -15 mmol (18). Therefore, it seems that in this study, the increase in LHR gene expression is associated with the increase in lactate levels due to HIIT, and the positive expression of this gene is associated with increased Crocin is one of the active ingredients of saffron, which contains carotenoids that have anti-inflammatory and an-tioxidant effects on testicular tissue by increasing the total antioxidant capacity (13). The observed positive results of supplementation on DOX-induced side effects may be due to the same antioxidant and inflammatory effects (5-7).…”

“…It seems that Cr consumption and training can establish a balance in the cellular defense system against the oxidative state previously known to be induced by DOX in testicular tissues (13,21). Also, by reducing apoptosis, they provide a condition in favor of the anti-apoptotic system to increase LHR expression and thus spermatogenesis.…”

“…The observed positive results of supplementation on DOX-induced side effects may be due to the same antioxidant and inflammatory effects (5-7). Davoodi et al showed that Cr consumption increases the activity of antioxidants and reduces harmful oxidants in testicular tissue (13). Crocin also decreases the toxicity of parquet and diabetes on testicular tissue in some sperm quality indicators due to its antioxidant and apoptotic properties in rats (19,20).…”

“…Before starting the main protocol, rats trained (10 days) for five to 10 minutes each time to get acquainted with the training protocol. The maximum training speed (V max ) was determined after performing an incremental test (13). High intensity interval training protocol was performed five days/week for eight weeks and consisted of three parts: warm-up, cool-down (five minutes at a 50 to 60% V max ), and main training (14).…”

Continuous Training and Crocin Supplementation Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis in Male Rats

“…Studies have shown that oral Cr is hydrolyzed to crocetin in order to facilitate absorption in the intestine, which enters the liver quickly and in large amounts (8), which may jus-tify its effectiveness. Similarly, the lack of significant differences between the Cr and training group with the Cr group alone can be justified by the fact that sometimes antioxidant supplementation can stop the adaptations resulting from physical activity (29). According to our study results, using Cr and CT may not have produced more favorable synergistic effects than using Cr alone.…”