Antioxidant defense system responses, lysosomal membrane stability and DNA damage in earthworms (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>) exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid: an integrated biomarker approach to evaluating toxicity

Wang, Zhifeng; Li, Chaona; Shao, Yuanyuan; Xue, Wenhao; Wang, Ning; Xu, Xiaoming; Zhang, Zhibin

doi:10.1039/d1ra04097a

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Oxidative stress is an important indicator of PFAS toxicity to earthworms (Zhao et al, 2019, 2022), therefore we examined changes in the levels of oxidative markers in earthworms exposed to PFOS and F‐53B. Consistent with previous results (Liu et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2021b), we found that after 14 days of PFOS exposure, the levels of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, POD, and CAT) and the lipid peroxidation product (MDA) were elevated, indicating the presence of PFOS‐driven oxidative stress in the earthworms. Our results suggest that F‐53B is more potent than PFOS in increasing the oxidative stress in earthworms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Comparative Toxicological Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Its Alternative 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate on Earthworms

Ge,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract:High levels of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F‐53B), which is a substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), are detected in various environmental matrices, wildlife and humans. F‐53B has received increased attention due to its potential risk to ecosystems. However, its toxicity in the soil organisms remains unclear. In this study, a comparative investigation was conducted on the toxicities of F‐53B and PFOS to the earthworm Eisenia. fetida. F‐53B was significantly more acutely toxic to earthworms than PFOS with LC50s of 1.43 and 1.83 mmol/kg dry soil (~816 and 984 mg/kg dry soil), respectively. Although both F‐53B and PFOS, at 0.4 mmol/kg dry soil (= 228 and 215 mg/kg dry soil) caused oxidative stress in earthworms, as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, the stress caused by F‐53B was higher than that by PFOS. In the transcriptomic and metabolomic studies, negative effects of PFOS and F‐53B were observed on several metabolic processes in earthworms, including protein digestion and amino acid absorption, lipid metabolism, and the immune response. Compared to PFOS, F‐53B exhibited a weaker disruption of lipid metabolism, comparable potency for toxicity to the immune response, and a stronger potency in the extracellular matrix (ECM) destruction along with apoptosis and ferroptosis induction. Hence, our data suggest that F‐53B is more toxic than PFOS to earthworms. The findings provide some new insights into the potential toxicity of F‐53B to soil organisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Comparative Toxicological Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Its Alternative 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate on Earthworms

Ge,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Moreover, the experimental species encounter different grades of environmental stressors in their natural habitat. Earthworms are considered an indicator of environmental health in relation to chemical pollution and contamination (Z. Wang et al, 2021). They are in continuous exposure to soil pollutants and microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative account of coelomocyte of earthworm ecotypes with reference to its morphology, morphometry, density, phagocytosis, autofluorescence, and oxidative status

Manna

Ray

Gautam

et al. 2022

Journal of Morphology

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Earthworms inhabit different strata of moist soil. Epigeic and endogeic earthworms prefer superficial and inner stratum of soil respectively, whereas, semiaquatic species are distributed around hydrated soil near ponds and lakes. Coelomocytes, the chief immunoeffector cells of coelomic origin, perform diverse physiological functions like phagocytosis, maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and acid–base balance of coelomic fluid, graft rejection, elicitation of cytotoxic, and oxidative responses under the challenges of pathogens and toxins. The present study aims to analyze selected morphological and functional parameters in three differentially adapted Indian earthworms of nonsimilar habitats. Coelomocytes of Glyphidrilus tuberosus (Stephenson, 1916) (semiaquatic), Perionyx excavatus (Perrier, 1872) (epigeic), and Eutyphoeus orientalis (Beddard, 1883) (endogeic) were isolated for morphological and morphometric analyses and subjected to determination of phagocytic, oxidative, and cytotoxic responses. Activities of phenoloxidase, pro, and antioxidant enzymes, and autofluorescence were determined in the extruded coelomocytes of earthworms of three contrasting habitats. The differential result may be correlated with species‐specific responses and variation in habitat preference and related adaptation.

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“…The agarose gel was then soaked in an electrophoresis solution (300 mM NaOH, 1 mM Na 2 EDTA) at 4 °C for 20 min to unwind the DNA, followed by electrophoresis at 300 mA and 25 V for 25 min. Subsequently, the agarose gel was neutralized (0.4 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.5) thrice at 5 min intervals, after which the agarose gel was stained with ethidium bromide (2 mg/mL) for 10 min [ 13 ]. Finally, the agarose gel was observed by a fluorescence microscope (Olympus BX53, Japan) to obtain comet images.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioselective Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Induced by Rac- and S-metolachlor on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida

Yang

Li²,

Luo³

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Metolachlor is a widely used chiral herbicide. However, information on its enantioselective toxicity to earthworms, an important soil organism, remains limited. Herein, the effects of Rac- and S-metolachlor on oxidative stress and DNA damage in Eisenia fetida were investigated and compared. Moreover, the degradation of both herbicides in the soil was also determined. The results showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) in E. fetida were more easily induced by Rac-metolachlor than S-metolachlor at a higher concentration (above 16 µg/g). Similarly, the effects of Rac-metolachlor on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and DNA damage in E. fetida were more significant than those of S-metolachlor at the same exposure concentration and time. Rac- and S-metolachlor did not result in severe lipid peroxidation. The toxic effects of both herbicides on E. fetida gradually decreased after 7 days as the exposure was prolonged. At the same concentration, S-metolachlor degrades faster than Rac-metolachlor. These results suggest that Rac-metolachlor has a greater effect on E. fetida than S-metolachlor, providing a significant reference for the rational use of metolachlor.

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Antioxidant defense system responses, lysosomal membrane stability and DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid: an integrated biomarker approach to evaluating toxicity

Abstract: The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was calculated to evaluate the integrated toxicological effects of PFOA on earthworm Eisenia fetida.

Cited by 18 publications

References 82 publications

Comparative Toxicological Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Its Alternative 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate on Earthworms

Comparative Toxicological Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Its Alternative 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate on Earthworms

A comparative account of coelomocyte of earthworm ecotypes with reference to its morphology, morphometry, density, phagocytosis, autofluorescence, and oxidative status

Enantioselective Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Induced by Rac- and S-metolachlor on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida

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