Antioxidant capacity of egg, milk and soy protein hydrolysates and biopeptides produced by Bromelia pinguin and Bromelia karatas-derived proteases

Abstract

Given the lack of knowledge in the generation and biological activity of biopeptides (BP) produced by Bromelia pinguin and Bromelia karatas-derived proteases, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity (AOX) of protein hydrolysates and peptide fractions from hydrolysis of egg, milk and soy proteins with enzymes extracted from Bromelia pinguin and Bromelia karatas fruits. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the mentioned proteins was measured. The hydrolysates were sequentially fractionated by ultrafiltration using different membrane pore sizes (≤30, ≤10, ≤5 and ≤1 kDa) to obtain biopeptide fractions (BPF). The antioxidant capacity (AOX) of protein hydrolysates and BPF were evaluated. AOX was performed using 2,2´-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. after the enzymatic action of B. pinguin and B. karatas proteases, the highest DH values for egg, milk and soy protein hydrolysates ranged from 50-61%, 55-68% and 73-81%, respectively. The AOX was higher for soy hydrolysates than for egg and milk hydrolysates. Additionally, the highest AOX from ABTS and FRAP assays was observed for BPF ≤30 kDa, PF ≤5 kDa and ≤1 kDa, respectively. These results highlight the potential of B. pinguin and B. karatas proteases to hydrolyze food proteins and release bioactive peptides. Moreover, it has been shown that the hydrolysis products are a mixture of BP of different molecular weights, which could present AOX through different mechanisms.

Beef peptides mitigate skeletal muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes through protein degradation, protein synthesis, and the oxidative stress pathway

“…BPs demonstrated notably strong radical scavenging activity in the ABTS assay, outperforming substances such as egg ovalbumin, milk, and soy hydrolysate. 29 This indicates BP's substantial ability to neutralize ABTS radicals by donating electrons.…”

“…BPs demonstrated notably strong radical scavenging activity in the ABTS assay, outperforming substances such as egg ovalbumin, milk, and soy hydrolysate. 29 This indicates BP's substantial ability to neutralize ABTS radicals by donating electrons. Table 1 reveals that both the protein in beef loin (BL) and BPs consisted of 17 amino acids, with glutamic acid and leucine being the most abundant.…”

Bromelia karatas and Bromelia pinguin: sources of plant proteases used for obtaining antioxidant hydrolysates from chicken and fish by-products

“…The fruits of B. karatas and B. pinguin have been characterized as promising sources of plant proteases [25,[28][29][30]40]. One of the important points of this research is the incorporation of these plant enzymes in food technology processes and the obtaining of protein hydrolysates from food by-products and their comparison with a commercial plant enzyme (bromelain).…”

“…The obtaining of new sources of plant proteases is increasing due to their low production costs, relative abundance in some plants and attractive biochemical characteristics [25], such as their stability over a wide range of pH and temperature [26]. The fruits of Bromelia pinguin "guamara" and Bromelia karatas "cocuixtle" are presented as an alternative to obtaining plant proteases [4,[26][27][28][29]. However, little information exists on the application of these sources of proteases in different food matrices to obtain protein hydrolysates.…”