Antioxidant capacity of chewing stick miswak Salvadora persica

Abstract

BackgroundChewing stick (miswak Salvadora persica L.) is an effective tool for oral hygiene. It possessed various biological properties including significant antibacterial and anti-fungal effects. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant compounds in miswak.MethodMiswak root was extracted with 80% methanol. Methanol extract as antioxidant was evaluated by using DPPH, ABTS and phosphomolybdenum complex assays and analysis by GC-MS. Peroxidase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase assays were performed for crude extract of miswak root.ResultsThe methanol extract of miswak contained the highest amount of crude extract among the various solvent extracts. The methanol extract showed a concentration dependent scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values 4.8 and 1.6 μg crude extract, respectively. The total antioxidant activities, based on the reduction of molybdenum (VI) to molybdenum (V), increased with increasing crude extract content. The correlation coefficients (R2) between total crude extract and DPPH, ABTS scavenging activities and the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex were 0.97, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed that the methanol extract doesn’t contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds or under detected limit. After silylation of methanol extract, three compounds namely 2-furancarboxaldehyde-5-(hydroxymethyl), furan-2-carboxylic acid-3-methyl- trimethylsilyl ester and D-erythro-pentofuranose-2-deoxy-1,3,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl) were identified by GC-MS analysis. These furan derivatives as they contain hydroxyl groups could be possessed antioxidant activities. The antioxidant enzymes were also detected in the miswak extract with high level of peroxidase and low level of catalase and polyphenoloxidase.ConclusionsThe synergistic actions of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant enzymes make miswak is a good chewing stick for oral hygiene and food purposes.

Detection of antibacterial activities of Miswak, Kalonji and Aloe vera against oral pathogens & anti-proliferative activity against cancer cell line

“…Our findings of herbal extracts affectivity against oral pathogens are in consistence with previous reports [7, 8, 27]. Al-Obaida and coauthors declared miswak as an effective oral hygienic tool and found it helpful against different organisms causing oral cavity infections [28, 29].…”

“…In 2013 Bafti et al reported Miswak extracts contain good antifungal properties [3]. Finding of our study also suggest Miswak as an antioxidant agent it contain antioxidant compounds for example peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase representing it as a good chewing stick [7]. …”

“…It is reported to have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer properties [7, 8]. Aloe vera is a medicinal herb whose mucilaginous gel is traditionally used to treat different diseases.…”

Effect of two different habitats on some primary and secondary phytochemicals of Miswak (Salvadora persica L.)

“…Traditionally all parts of S. persica could be used for many medicinal purposes because of its high content of different secondary metabolites that could be used in the treatment against bacterial and fungal infections and have wide range of health care properties (Arora and Gupta, 2011;Sher et al, 2011;Mohamed and Khan, 2013;Gupta et al, 2015;Kumari and Parida, 2016). In the current study, the studied habitats affect the secondary metabolites composition of S. persica roots extract.…”

Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Salvadora persica Extracts against Some Potato Bacterial Pathogens

“…β-Sitosterol, manisic acid, and salvadourea [1,3-bis-(3-methoxybenzyl)-urea] were isolated from the root by Ray et al (1975). 2-Furancarboxaldehyde-5-(hydroxymethyl), furan-2-carboxylic acid-3-methyl-trimethylsilyl ester, and D-erythropentofuranose-2-deoxy-1,3,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl) were identified in root methanol extracts; these components exhibit antioxidant activities (Mohamed and Khan 2013). Stem essential oils include 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), α-caryophellene, β-pinene, and 9-epi-(E)-caryophellene as the major components (Alali et al 2004).…”