Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Properties and Phenolics of Different Solvent Extracts from Bark, Leaves and Seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre

Abstract

This study appraises the antioxidant and antimicrobial attributes of various solvent extracts (absolute methanol, aqueous methanol, absolute ethanol, aqueous ethanol, absolute acetone, aqueous acetone, and deionized water) from bark, leaves and seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. Maximum extraction yield of antioxidant components from bark (16.31%), leaves (11.42%) and seeds (21.51%) of P. pinnata was obtained using aqueous methanol (20:80). Of the extracts tested, the bark extract, obtained with aqueous methanol, exhibited greater levels of total phenolics [6.94 g GAE/100 g dry weight (DW)], total flavonoids (3.44 g CE/100 g DW), inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation (69.23%) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 value, 3.21 μg/mL), followed by leaves and seeds extracts. Bark extract tested against a set of bacterial and fungal strains also revealed the strongest antimicrobial activity with the largest inhibition zone and lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). HPLC analysis of aqueous methanol extracts from bark, leaves and seeds indicated the presence of protocatechuic, ellagic, ferulic, gallic, gentisic, 4-hydroxybenzoic and 4-hydroxycinnamic acids in bark (1.50–6.70 mg/100 g DW); sorbic, ferulic, gallic, salicylic and p-coumaric acids in leaves (1.18–4.71 mg/100 g DW); vanillic, gallic and tannic acids in seeds (0.52–0.65 mg/100 g DW) as the main phenolic acids. The present investigation concludes that the tested parts of P. pinnata, in particular the bark, have strong potential for the isolation of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for functional food and pharmaceutical uses.

Antifungal Potentials of Derris indica (LAM.) Bennet Extractives

“…In very recent studies, Sharma et al (2012) used chloroform, methanol and water extracts of P. pinnata against three species of Trichophyton and two species of Microsporum where chloroform extracts (1.25-10.00 MIC) were more effective than the methanol extracts. Methanol, ethanol, acetone (both absolute and aqueous) and de-ionized water extracts of bark, leaf and seeds of the pant were evaluated where the bark extracts against a set of bacterial and fungal strains revealed strongest antimicrobial activity with the largest ZI and lowest MIC values (Sajid et al 2012). These findings corroborate to those reported here using D. indica extractives.…”

“…For example, root bark, leaves, flowers and seeds have medicinal properties and so this is traditionally used as a medicinal plant (Sangwan et al 2010). Antifungal activities of the plant have been demonstrated by a number of recent workers (Biswal et al 2011;Johnson et al 2011;Sharma et al 2011a,b) whereas antibacterial properties of D. indica were tested among others by Wagh et al (2007), Arote et al (2009), Kogithoju et al (2012 and Sajid et al (2012). In addition, antihelmintic (Biswal et al 2011), antidiabetic (Jagadeesha 2011) and anti-dermatophytic properties (Sharma et al 2012) of the plant have recently been reported.…”

“…Since mycoses or fungal diseases are very common in plants, animals and human beings, and various parts of D. indica extractives, either crude or in aqueous and/or organic solvents have shown to be effective against such diseases as bronchitis, whooping cough, diarrhea, skin itch, rheumatic arthritis and bleeding piles (Sangwan et al 2010;Biswal et al 2011;Sajid et al 2012), the present investigation was aimed at evaluating chloroform and methanol extracts of some selected parts of D. indica against a number of pathogenic fungi using disc diffusion method.…”

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of <i>Manilkara hexandra</i> (Sapotaceae) Seed Extracts and Violacein against Multidrug Resistant <i>Streptococcus mutans

“…Petroleum ether extract contains fats and fixed oil while aqueous extract contains amino acids, tannins (condensed and pseudo tannins) and starch [5]. IR has been reported to possess various pharmacological actions, mainly antidiabetic [6], antiinflammatory [7], nephroprotective [8], antibacterial [9], antioxidant and antimicrobial activity [10]. Further, the principle constituents of IR such as sinapic and ferulic acids have exhibited behavioural and pharmacological…”

Phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of leaves of Pongamia pinnata L. (Fabaceae)

“…All parts of this plant are used in the treatment of abscess, bronchitis, diarrhea, itches, piles, skin diseases, tumors, painful rheumatic joints, ulcers, whooping cough quench dipsia in diabetes, blood purifier and as an antiseptic to treat wounds and cuts. [6,7] Some of the reported activities of this plant include antioxidant, [8][9][10] antimicrobial, [11,12] anti-inflammatory, [13] antiulcer, [14] antihyperglycemic [15] amongst others.…”