Antioxidant and Scavenging Activities of Flavonoid Extract (Kolaviron) of Garcinia kola Seeds

Abstract

The antioxidant and scavenging properties of kolaviron, a flavonoid extract of Garcinia kola seeds, were evaluated in a series of in vitro assays involving free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Kolaviron exhibited markedly reducing power and antioxidant activity by inhibiting the peroxidation of linoleic acid. Kolaviron exhibited 57% scavenging effect on superoxide at a concentration of 1 mg/ml and 85% scavenging effect on hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml. Similarly, kolaviron, at a concentration of 2 mg/ml, elicited an 89% scavenging effect on a,a-diphenylb-picrylhydrazyl radical, indicating that the extract has effective activities as a hydrogen donor and as a primary antioxidant to react with lipid radicals. Kolaviron reacted with hydroxyl radical ( . OH) by inhibiting deoxyribose oxidation induced by a Fenton-type reaction system (Fe 3+ + EDTA/H 2 O 2 /ascorbic acid). The second-order rate constant for the reaction with . OH was approximately 1.1 ¥ 10 10 M -1 sec -1 . Kolaviron was effective at preventing microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by iron/ascorbate in a concentration dependent manner. The overall antioxidant activity of kolaviron on lipid peroxidation might be attributed to its properties of scavenging free radicals and active oxygen species and may relate directly to prevention of propagation of in vivo lipid peroxidation.

The microstructural effects of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola (Linn) on the hippocampus and cerebellum of malnourished mice

“…These two types differ morphologically and biochemically [8][9][10][11] . Accidental cell death is regarded as necrotic and could result from extrinsic insults to the cell such as osmotic, thermal, toxic and traumatic effects [11][12][13] . Pathological cell death is regarded as apoptotic and is an organized programmed cell death (PCD) that is mediated by active and intrinsic mechanism.…”

Effect of ethanol extract of <i>Pyrenacantha staudtii</i> leaves on carbontetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats

“…Alkaloids present in plants are known to have numerous beneficial pharmacological effects 8 . Some bioflavonoids have been reported to possess antioxidant properties which help to combat free radical induced oxidative stress 15 . Results from the acute toxicity test of the ethanol extract of the plant (Table 2) show that the plant has no toxic effect on the animal (LD 50 > 5g/kg body weight).…”

Effect of dietary inclusions of bitter kola seed on geotactic behavior and oxidative stress markers in Drosophila melanogaster

“…The seeds of bitter kola are highly valued for its stimulating effects (Atawodi, Mende, Pfundstein, Preussmann, & Spiegelhalder, 1995). Bitter kola seed is used broadly in African folklore as therapeutic interventions for diverse diseases (Farombi, Akanni, & Emerole, 2002; Onunkwo, Egeonu, Adikwu, Ojile, & Alowosulu, 2004), such as for treatment of cough, as antipurgative and as aphrodisiac (Madubunyi, 1995; Okunji & Iwu, 1991). Studies showed that predominant phytochemicals in bitter kola seed includes saponin, tannin, and oxalates among others.…”