Antioxidant and nephroprotection activities of Combretum micranthum: A phytochemical, in-vitro and ex-vivo studies

Abstract

Management of chronic renal failure is exceedingly expensive. Despite of encouraging experimental outcomes, there is a lack of potent nephroprotective drugable molecules in a clinics or market. To develop a nephroprotective phytomedicine, the present study was designed to do a literature survey on reported phytochemical and biological analysis of Combretum micranthum and to carry out chemoprofiling, in-vitro antioxidant and ex-vivo nephroprotective capacity of the title plant. The phytochemical and biological activity survey of C. micranthum has reveals the presence of many bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids with many biological activities. Phytochemical investigation re-confirmed the presence of these compounds. Hydroalcoholic extract of C. micranthum (CM extract) showed a strong antioxidant activity by scavenging AAPH, DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and chelating metal ions. CM extract exhibited significant ( P < 0.001) dose dependent inhibition of ferric chloride-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious and common complication leading to end stage renal disease. Therefore, in the present study, glucose-induced toxicity was also studied in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) as an in vitro model for diabetic nephropathy. The results showed that exposure of cells to high glucose (100 mM) for 72 h significantly reduced the cell viability resulting in morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, rounded cell shape and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Treatment with CM extract at 10 and 25 μg/mL resulted in significant improvement in cell viability from 10 to 23% compared to the high glucose control. This study demonstrated the potential antioxidant and nephroprotective properties of C. micranthum , justifying its traditional use in the treatment of various diseases.

Nephroprotective Activity of the Hydro-alcoholic, Ethanolic Extract and its Fractions of Tukhme Soya (Anethum sowa Roxb.) against Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rats

“…Phyto-constituents of plants contained antioxidant activity or free radical scavenging activity, are able to relieve from various diseases such as inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular systems, cancer and diabetes. 26 Unani drugs possess nephroprotective properties with no side effects. There are a lot of nephroprotective drugs in Unani system.…”

Phytotoxic activity and chemical composition of aqueous foliar extracts of Cerrado species

“…The FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, hydroxyls, carboxylic acid and amines in the aqueous leaf extracts of these four Cerrado species. Kpemissi et al, (2019) The broadband centered at ~ 3,300 cm -1 can be attributed to the lengthening of the -OH bond in proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lignin, present in plants. The -OH elongation can also be laid to the presence of adsorbed water in the sample (Amorim et al, 2016).…”

Parameter Optimization and Potential Bioactivity Evaluation of a Betulin Extract from White Birch Bark

“…For single-factor experiments, five critical factors affecting the betulin yield were investigated, i.e., the solvent type (water, methanol, ethanol, butanol, and amyl alcohol), ethanol concentration (45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, and 85%), extraction time (20,25,30,35, and 40 min), extraction temperature (20,30,40,50, and 60 • C), and solid/solvent ratio (1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:35, and 1:40 mg/mL). In the single-factor experiment design, only one factor was varied at a time, while the other factors were kept constant in each experiment [13].…”

“…Cytotoxity measurement of the betulin extract was performed using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, according to the procedures detailed by Kpemissi and co-workers [20]. Briefly, HaCaT cells were first seeded at 1.0 × 10 4 cells/well in 96-well microtiter plates in DMEM medium (with 10% FBS and 1% P/S) and incubated in 5% CO 2 atmosphere at 37 • C for 24 h. Then, 200 µL betulin extract (dissolved in the DMEM medium with a concentration of 16.625-125 µg/mL) was transferred to the wells, followed by 24 h incubation, and the MTT solution with a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL was then added to 96-well microtiter plates.…”