Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the Essential Oil and Extracts ofZanthoxylum alatumGrown in North-Western Himalaya

Abstract

The essential oil obtained from the fresh leaves of Zanthoxylum alatum was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Fourteen components were identified, and linalool (30.58%), 2-decanone (20.85%), β-fenchol (9.43%), 2-tridecanone (8.86%), β-phellandrene (5.99%), Sabinene (4.82%), and α-pinene (4.11%) were the main components. The EO and methanolic extract of Z. alatum exhibited potent antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae, and Curvularia lunata. The EO also showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Further, antimicrobial constituents of the EO were isolated by bioautography and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and identified as β-fenchol and linalool using GC/MS analysis. In addition to this, the free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant potential of EO and methanolic extract/fractions of Z. alatum were also investigated using in vitro assays including scavenging ability against DPPH•, reducing power and chelating ability on Fe2+ ions. Our results demonstrate that Z. alatum could be used as a resource of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds which may find applications in food and pesticide industries.

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, and Cytotoxic Action of Fractions fromEugenia unifloraL. andEugenia malaccensisL.: Correlation with Polyphenol and Flavanoid Content

“…An increasing number of biological activities presented by medicinal plants has been investigated over the years, and several experimental models are used in the search for new bioactive substances [22–24]. …”

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity, liver profile test, and mutagenic activity of five plants used in traditional Mexican medicine

“…The methanolic extract of Zanthoxylum alatum exhibited potent antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae, and Curvularia lunata (Guleria et al, 2013), and Zanthoxylum capense exhibited antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus (Adamu et al, 2012). Extracts from the leaf, fruit, stem, bark and root of Zanthoxylum americanum demonstrated antifungal activity against C. albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and A. fumigatus in a disk diffusion assay (600 g/disk)…”

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“…Then the biochemical investigations were carried out following the methods described in the kits (Avantor). The estimation of various biochemical parameters namely serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, albumin, globulin and total protein were done 10,11 .…”

“…This means that treatment with ZAE significantly reversed the hepatic changes induced by paracetamol in rats. The possible mechanism of action may be explored by studying the antioxidant effect of the ZAE 10 .…”