Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Phenolic Extracts from the Aerial Parts of Ruta montana L. of the Middle Atlas Mountains-Morocco

Ruta Essential Oils: Composition and Bioactivities

“…The essential oils from the whole aerial parts and leaves of R. motana have also been found to possess antibacterial properties ( Table 2 ). Drioiche et al [ 71 ] conducted probably the most elaborate antibacterial study on the essential oil of the aerial parts of this Ruta species, and found low–moderate levels of activity against, Citrobacter koseri (8 mm), Corynebacterium sp. (11 mm), Enterococcus faecalis (7 mm), Enterococcus faecium (17 mm), Escherichia coli (8 mm), Klebsiella oxytoca (8 mm), Listeria sp.…”

“…The major antifungal activity of the essential oil of the aerial part of R. montana was against Aspergillus , Alternaria , and Candida species [ 18 , 67 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 84 ]. This essential oil was also found to be active against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (12–15 mm) [ 67 ]), Cryptococcus neoformans (20 mm), Fusarium sp.…”

“…(15 mm), Rhodotorula rubra (11 mm), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (15 mm), and Trichosporon sp. (17 mm) [ 71 ], as well as Botrytis cinerea , Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium solani , and Verticillium dahlia with MICs 100–1100 μg/mL [ 18 , 73 ]. A summary of the antifungal activities of Ruta essential oils is presented in Table 3 .…”

“…One of the early investigations into the antioxidant properties of Ruta species was conducted by Kambouche et al [ 69 ] on the essential oil from the aerial parts of R. montana from Algeria using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay, where a concentration-dependent antiradical activity was observed. Later, essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of this Ruta species collected from the Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco, was assessed for radical-scavenging activity using the same assay, and the IC 50 value was determined as 548.5 μg/mL compared to that of the positive control ascorbic acid (vitamin C) at 53.4 μg/mL [ 71 ]. The radical-scavenging activity was at least two-fold more potent than that of the hydromethanolic extract and the hydromethanolic macerate of the aerial parts.…”

Synergistic effects of Ruta montana (Clus.) L. essential oil and antibiotics against some pathogenic bacteria

“…Previous studies have shown that R. montana can be considered as an important source of biologically interesting compounds, namely alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins and essential oils (Kambouche et al, 2008;Boutoumi et al, 2009;Belkessame et al, 2011;Bouzidi et al, 2012; Synergistic effects of Ruta montana (Clus.) L. essential oil and antibiotics against some pathogenic bacteria et al, 2012; Hammiche et al, 2013;Ferhat et al, 2014;Khadhri et al, 2014;Hammami et al, 2015;Hazzit et al, 2015;Daoudi et al, 2016;Bennaoum et al, 2017;Fekhar et al, 2017;Benali et al, 2020;Drioiche et al, 2020;Mohammedi et al, 2020), with biological activities including antioxidant (Kambouche et al, 2008;Zellagui et al,2012;Benali et al, 2020;Mohammedi et al, 2020), antifungal (Hammami et al, 2015;Hazzit et al, 2015;Fekhar et al, 2017;Benali et al, 2020;Drioiche et al, 2020;Mohammedi et al, 2020), insecticidal and larvicidal (Boutoumi et al, 2009;Fekhar et al, 2017).…”